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Zusammenfassung von The Telomere Effect

Name: The Telomere Effect
Rating: 4.4 (150 reviews)
Author: Elizabeth Blackburn and Elissa Epel

Elizabeth Blackburn and Elissa Epel

A Revolutionary Approach to Living Younger, Healthier, Longer

4.4 (150 Bewertungen)

21 Min.

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The Telomere Effect
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What’s in it for me? Understand why we age and how we can slow the process.

According to the Old Testament, Methusaleh and the early patriarchs lived for many centuries. But with each new generation, the patriarchs lived shorter and shorter lives until they reached the life expectancy we know today. We have long been obsessed with aging, staying young and living long past the normal lifespan – stories about it crop up in our holy books and folklore. But, short of finally locating the mythical Fountain of Youth, what should we do to live longer and healthier lives?

These blinks cover the greatest breakthrough in our understanding of aging: telomeres, a component of cell structure that affects how and at what rate we age. We will learn where they are found and how they work.

In these blinks, you’ll also find out

how we can help our telomeres extend our lifespan and improve our health;
why some types of stress are good for telomere health while others are not; and
how obsessing over weight can have more negative impacts on telomeres than actually being overweight.

The pace of aging depends on a specific cellular structure.

Lots of people fear getting older, but is this just a product of the youth culture we live in or a valid fear of aging’s effects on the body?

For many people, it’s probably the latter. A quick overview of the process of aging shows why it’s justified.

The cells that compose our bodies have to regenerate regularly to keep us healthy. Some cells, however, can only be renewed a limited number of times. These are known as senescent cells. When they’re damaged, they send out inflammatory signals to other cells and body parts, damaging healthy structures, causing aging and making the body function poorly.

This dynamic can be likened to a barrel of apples: just one piece of rotten fruit can affect all its healthy neighbors.

That being said, how old a person looks and feels is also determined by the length of the telomeres in her cells. Telomeres are compound structures attached to the ends of chromosomes that help protect the cell. They get shorter every time a cell divides.

This is especially problematic when it comes to stem cells, which have the potential to become all manner of different specialized cells in the body. They can divide continuously throughout a person’s life. In adults, they can be found in many different tissues and play a vital role in repairing the body by replacing damaged cells. Stem cells thus keep people feeling healthier and looking younger. However, if the telomeres of these cells shorten, they go into early retirement, meaning they can’t replace unhealthy cells as necessary.

Because of this, shortened or damaged telomeres affect how old a person looks. For instance, damage to the telomeres in skin cells due to UV exposure from the sun or through genetic mutations, can cause hair to gray prematurely. Ultraviolet radiation can even damage the stem cells in a hair follicle itself, thereby killing melanocytes, which add pigment to the follicle.

In general, people with shorter telomeres in their cells are sicker and weaker. Now that we’ve learned what telomeres are, it’s time to learn precisely how they work.

Telomeres protect cells when they divide and, with the help of an enzyme, can regrow themselves.

Without the support of her defenders, a soccer goalie would be prone to easy attacks, and cells are basically in the same situation.

For cells, the goal keepers are telomeres, which protect the chromosomes as cells divide. The DNA of telomeres is structurally different from the genetic DNA on the chromosomes, which determine a person’s physical traits, like eye color and height.

Stress is a killer but you can protect your body by simply responding to it differently.

Have you ever found yourself stuck in a nasty traffic jam, with your heart beating like mad?

Such stressful situations put your body on high alert as stress hormones like cortisol and epinephrine flood into your bloodstream, causing your heart rate and blood pressure to rise.

The way you think affects the health of your cells.

It’s only normal to blow problems out of proportion, but doing so regularly could actually shorten your life. That’s because negative thought patterns are bad for telomeres.

Just take cynical hostility, an inclination toward anger and a distrustful mentality. It often results in bad habits of overeating, drinking and smoking, thereby causing disease and shorter telomeres.

Exercise and rest are key to building up your telomeres.

The next time you’re contemplating a trip to the gym, keep in mind that there’s more at stake than your waistline. Exercise is also essential to the health of your telomeres, but too much of it can cause problems.

In other words, healthy telomeres depend on moderate workout regimens. Exercising correctly will lower your chances of having high blood pressure, experiencing a stroke, or falling prey to dementia.

Metabolic health is much more important than overall weight.

Everybody knows that being overweight isn’t great for your health, but as long as you’re not obese, a few extra pounds won’t affect your telomeres. Instead, the real killer is poor metabolic health.

That includes things like high cholesterol, high blood pressure and insulin resistance. Such conditions put you at increased risk for heart problems, cancer and diabetes, which makes them way more important to telomere health than your weight.

A safe neighborhood promotes healthier living.

Would you feel comfortable walking home at night in your neighborhood? Well, it’s an important question for your health for a variety of reasons and your answer could even affect your telomeres.

That’s because the safety and social cohesion of the place where you live have profound effects on your health. A sense of safety impacts stress levels and can therefore affect telomeres.

From pregnancy through childhood, a healthy lifestyle benefits children and adults.

Between saving for college, weddings and other major life events, it’s hard not to worry about the future of your children. But even before a child is born, it’s important to consider how to take care of her cells.

That’s because cellular aging starts in the womb. In this process, known as direct transmission, the length of the parents’ telomeres at the time of conception is passed on directly to their baby. This means a baby could easily start life with shorter telomeres.

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Worum geht es in The Telomere Effect?

The Telomere Effect (2017) explains why some people look and feel younger than others. These blinks walk you through the science of telomeres, which are at the cellular root of the aging process. You’ll learn how it’s possible to do right by your telomeres and live a longer life.

Bestes Zitat aus The Telomere Effect

Antioxidants in nutritional supplements are not recommended for telomere health as the evidence supporting their use is inconclusive.

—Elizabeth Blackburn and Elissa Epel

Wer The Telomere Effect lesen sollte

Anyone who wants to look and feel younger as they age.
Health buffs looking for new tips.
Couples thinking about having children or those who have just had one.

Über den Autor

Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn, PhD, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009 with two colleagues after uncovering the molecular nature of telomeres. She is now president of the Salk Institute and a professor emeritus at University of California, San Francisco.

Dr. Elissa Epel, PhD, is a leading health psychologist who studies stress, aging and obesity. She is a professor in the Department of Psychiatry at University of California, San Francisco, and a member of the National Academy of Medicine.

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