Invisible Women Buchzusammenfassung - das Wichtigste aus Invisible Women

Einleitung anhören

00:00

Zusammenfassung von Invisible Women

Name: Invisible Women
Rating: 4.6 (201 reviews)
Author: Caroline Criado Perez

Caroline Criado Perez

Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men

4.6 (201 Bewertungen)

27 Min.

Kurz zusammengefasst

'Invisible Women' uncovers how gender data gap silences and disadvantages women in all aspects of life, including healthcare, education, the workplace, and public policy. It provides compelling evidence for the urgency of recognizing and correcting this pervasive bias.

Themen

Weibliche Gesundheit & Mutterschaft Gender- und Sexualitätsstudien

Inhaltsübersicht

Invisible Women
in 8 Kernaussagen verstehen

Audio & Text in der Blinkist App

Kernaussage 1 von 8

What’s in it for me? Get the hard facts on gender equality.

Smartphones are designed to be used by male hands. Standard office temperatures are set to the male metabolic resting rate. Regulation car safety tests are performed on male crash test dummies.

We live in a world designed for and around men. How did this bias come about?

It’s partly down to the gender data gap. When we assume that males and male needs are standard, we neglect to consider women and women’s needs. This tendency to overlook women leads to a gender data gap, in which women aren’t adequately represented in the data that underpins decision-making.

The gender data gap is the source of many inconveniences that women experience on a daily basis, like longer lines for public bathrooms that aren’t built to accommodate their needs. At its most extreme, the gender data gap can have lethal consequences – for instance, worse outcomes for women in a car crash can be traced to this gap.

It’s not just women who suffer, either. From politics to the global economy, the gender data gap negatively affects all of us. To address it, we first need to face up to how it shapes our world.

In these blinks, you’ll learn

why snowplowing might just be a feminist issue;
who reference man is; and
how the gender data gap is costing us trillions in global GDP.

We are conditioned to view the male gender as the default and ignore or erase female experience.

When archaeologists uncovered an armored Viking skeleton in Sweden in 1889, they assumed the bones belonged to a male warrior – despite the skeleton’s female pelvic bone. Worse, no one noticed the error for over 100 years! And the archaeologists’ assumption here wasn’t a one-off. Women are overlooked all the time because we’re conditioned to view male as the default gender.

Our tendency to center maleness goes back at least as far as the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. In On the Generation of Animals (340 BC), he describes men as normal and women as aberrations. In anatomy, too, the male body was historically the default. The female body, when it was considered at all, was the exception. Some female organs, like the ovaries, weren’t even named until the seventeenth century.

But gender bias isn’t just a thing of the past. Even something as contemporary as emojis, the world’s newest language, still privileges masculinity. All emojis are assigned by a single consortium, called Unicode. But it’s up to each emoji-supporting platform to determine how they depict Unicode’s emojis. Before 2016, Unicode didn’t assign genders to emoji symbols; they simply stipulated that emoji symbols should include, for example, a runner or a police officer. The platforms chose to depict male runners and male police officers. It was only when Unicode began to assign gendered emoji symbols that women and men achieved “emoji parity.”

In many other aspects of contemporary life, though, representational parity is a long way off. From statues to banknotes to textbooks, representation skews male. In the UK, there are more statues of men named John than there are statues of all non-royal women put together! And when it comes to UK banknotes, there’s currently only one woman depicted – Jane Austen.

This skewed representation is reinforced in education. In 2014, a study found that in grammar and language textbooks, references to men outnumber references to women 3:1.

In fact, as we’ll see in the next blink, this bias affects every aspect of our lives, from the design of our cars and smartphones to local neighborhood authorities’ procedures for snow shoveling!

Data centers on the male experience and overlooks the female experience.

On snowy mornings in Karlskoga, Sweden, snow is cleared from sidewalks, pedestrian areas, and roads. In that order. But it used to be the other way ‘round. Why? Because first thing in the morning, full-time commuters tend to drive, while part-time workers or carers tend to travel on foot. The Karlskoga council saw the full-time commuters as the priority.

But what they didn’t know is that this also meant they were favoring men over women. Full-time workers are mostly men, whereas carers and part-time workers are overwhelmingly women. The council realized they hadn’t thought to look at women in their data set. When they did, they saw the flaws in the snow-clearing schedule, and the new procedure resulted in far fewer snow-related pedestrian injuries.

Women are disadvantaged by data that doesn’t account for female experience.

If you’ve ever attended a concert and compared the line for the ladies’ bathrooms with that for the gents, you’ll probably have noticed a disparity between the two.

How does that long line happen? It’s a direct result of the gender data gap. Public planning regulations frequently stipulate that venues allocate equal bathroom space for men and women. This looks good on paper – but dig a little deeper and you’ll see this planning decision is based on data that ignores women’s needs.

Many everyday objects, from pianos to smartphones, are designed for men.

On average, men have bigger hands than women. Tools and devices are often designed to male hand measurements. As a result, the design of many everyday objects is, quite literally, hard for women to grasp.

Objects designed to male measurements prevent women from reaching their potential. Take the piano. A 2015 study rated pianists by level of acclaim. Internationally renowned pianists were ranked at the highest level. Of the 12 internationally renowned pianists, only two were women. Are men naturally better pianists?

Women’s health and safety is compromised when safety procedures are designed around male bodies.

When it comes to health and safety, the word “standard” more often means “standard male”; as a result, many health and safety guidelines leave women out in the cold. This is certainly the case when it comes to the recommended office temperature, which was set in the 1960s, based on the metabolic resting rate of a 40-year-old, 70 kg male – leaving women working in offices up to five degrees too cold for the average female metabolic rate. But chilly offices could be the least of women’s worries.

Cars undergo stringent safety testing before they’re put on the market. But the crash test dummies required for those tests are all male. Dummies have been used since the 1950s, and, even today, the typical dummy’s dimensions remain in the 50th percentile for males. It’s 1.77m tall and weighs 76 kg, has a male spine and male muscle proportions.

Women’s health outcomes are affected by data that fails to address the female body specifically.

From infrastructure to design, men and male bodies are deemed “standard.” This is the case even in the medical field. A 2008 study of medical textbooks used across prestigious European universities found that, of 16,329 images illustrating neutral body parts, male bodies were depicted three times more often than female bodies. How does this bias affect women seeking medical care?

Gender bias and the gender data gap are particularly insidious problems in the medical field – because, when it comes to medicine, data is key. It determines how doctors recognize and treat diseases and how drugs and devices are developed and administered. Numerous studies have shown that male and female bodies differ at the anatomical, organ, tissue, and cellular levels. Gathering data on female bodies is therefore critical in providing women with effective medical care.

The world’s biggest gender gap is seen in GDP, and the economy is suffering as a result.

From school textbooks to clinical studies, there is an endemic gender data gap. But the biggest gender gap of all occurs on a global scale – in the way we measure GDP.

The GDP measures national output in terms of goods and services. Domestic work, childcare, and eldercare are services typically performed by women. When this domestic and care work is unpaid, it isn’t factored into GDP. Yet it has economic value. Indeed, when a woman performs this unpaid work, she’s frequently supporting a partner whose income is counted toward GDP.

Political systems disenfranchise women, and public policy suffers from the gender data gap.

The gender data gap comes about when we assume that one gender, in this case the male gender, is the default, and that these needs are standard needs. Why has it proven so persistent? For one thing, many people making high-level data-based decisions are male. In politics, men far outnumber women. That’s a serious problem: statistics show that female politicians are far more likely to address the gender gap in their policies than their male counterparts

Women are significantly underrepresented in politics. In December 2017, only 23.5 percent of the world’s politicians were women. Why aren’t more women entering politics? Perhaps because the current underrepresentation leads to the perception of politics as a “male” space – and this is bad news for women. In 2008, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley concluded that when a woman speaks in a stereotypically male context – like Wall Street, for example – she is judged more negatively than a man who says exactly the same thing. Women in the political sphere are deemed aggressive where men are assertive. This influences their likeability, which in turn affects their electability.

Du möchtest die gesamte Zusammenfassung von Invisible Women sehen?

Kernaussagen in Invisible Women

Mehr Wissen in weniger Zeit

Sachbücher auf den Punkt gebracht

Kernaussagen aus Sachbüchern in ca. 15 Minuten pro Titel lesen & anhören mit den „Blinks”

Zeitsparende Empfehlungen

Titel, die dein Leben bereichern, passend zu deinen Interessen und Zielen

Podcasts in Kurzform ^Neu

Kernaussagen wichtiger Podcasts im Kurzformat mit den neuen „Shortcasts”

Worum geht es in Invisible Women?

In Invisible Women (2019), Caroline Criado Perez argues that there is a “gender data gap” – that the bulk of the world’s data is based on male bodies and male behaviors. The result is a world that not only caters to men but often actively disadvantages women. Perez shows how the data underpinning everything from medicine and AI to the size of our smartphones fails to account for women’s needs. She explores the myriad problems this data gap causes and suggests how it might best be addressed.

Wer Invisible Women lesen sollte

Feminists of all genders
People interested in design, public policy, urban planning, AI and tech
Data scientists and analysts

Über den Autor

Caroline Criado Perez is a writer and feminist activist from the UK. She recently campaigned against the removal of the only woman other than the Queen from UK banknotes, and for more statues of female historical figures to be erected in London’s Parliament Square. She’s been honored with an OBE for her work promoting diversity and equality in the media.

Kategorien mit Invisible Women

Technologie & Zukunft Gesellschaft & Kultur

Ähnliche Zusammenfassungen wie Invisible Women

We Should All Be Feminists

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Why Feminism is the key to a better world

A Brief History of Humankind

28 min

4.4

The Psychology of Money

Morgan Housel

Timeless Lessons on Wealth, Greed, and Happiness

22 min

4.4

You Can Fix Your Brain

Dr. Tom O'Bryan

Just 1 Hour a Week to the Best Memory, Productivity, and Sleep You've Ever Had

19 min

4.1

Read People Like a Book

Patrick King

How to Analyze, Understand, and Predict People’s Emotions, Thoughts, Intentions, and Behaviors

21 min

3.9

Thinking, Fast and Slow

Daniel Kahneman

Intuition or deliberation? Where you can (and can't) trust your brain

Ten Reasons We’re Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think

18 min

4.3

Build the Life You Want

Arthur C. Brooks & Oprah Winfrey

The Art and Science of Getting Happier

17 min

4.3

Why Nations Fail

Daron Acemoglu & James A. Robinson

The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty

Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design

15 min

4.3

The Man's Guide to Women

John Gottman

Scientifically Proven Secrets from the "Love Lab" About What Women Really Want

18 min

4.1

The 15 Invaluable Laws of Growth

John C. Maxwell

Live Them and Reach Your Potential

26 min

4.6

The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People

Stephen R. Covey

Powerful Lessons in Personal Change

The Secret to Achieving More with Less

What We Should Know about the People We Don’t Know

The History of the World’s Largest Democracy

47 min

4.5

The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck

Mark Manson

A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

22 min

4.3

Ultra-Processed People

Chris van Tulleken

The Science Behind the Food That Isn't Food

7 min

2.9

Attached

Amir Levine and Rachel S. F. Heller

The New Science of Adult Attachment and How It Can Help You Find – and Keep – Love

Master Your Mind and Defy the Odds

Why Beauty is Key to Everything

Regicide and Revenge in one of the World's Most Famous Tragedies

20 min

4.8

Positioning

Al Ries and Jack Trout

The Battle for your Mind: How to be seen and heard in the overcrowded marketplace

12 min

4.1

Big Data

Viktor Mayer-Schönberger and Kenneth Cukier

A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work and Think

Unlocking the Power of Emotions to Help Our Kids, Ourselves, and Our Society Thrive

The Power of Diverse Thinking

22 min

4.6

Better Sex Through Mindfulness

Lori A. Brotto

How Women Can Cultivate Desire

How Constant Innovation Creates Radically Successful Businesses

18 min

4.6

Good Strategy, Bad Strategy

Richard Rumelt

The Difference and Why It Matters

Simple ways to keep a lid on your stress

The Practical Neuroscience of Happiness, Love, and Wisdom

22 min

4.4

Team Topologies

Matthew Skelton & Manuel Pais

Organizing Business and Technology Teams for Fast Flow

How to Think and Act Like the Most Successful and Highest-Paid People in Every Field

What to Say to Get Your Way

17 min

4.6

A Brief History of Time

Stephen Hawking

From the Big Bang to Black Holes

27 min

4.5

Guns, Germs and Steel

Jared Diamond

The Fates Of Human Societies

9 min

4.1

Friends, Lovers, and the Big Terrible Thing

How Empowering Women Changes the World

Why Some Teams Pull Together and Others Don’t

The Science of Success and How to Use It

19 min

3.8

The Curious History of Dating

Nichi Hodgson

From Jane Austen to Tinder

The 7 Things Resilient People Do Differently (And How They Can Help You Succeed in Business and Life)

20 min

4.5

Facing Codependence

Pia Mellody with Andrea Wells Miller & J. Keith Miller

What It Is, Where It Comes from, How It Sabotages Our Lives

A Handbook for Living

How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action

Learning to Love Yourself and Your World with the Practice of RAIN

36 min

4.6

The Neuroscience of You

Chantel Prat

How Every Brain Is Different and How to Understand Yours

The Official Unrepentant, Ass-Kicking, No-Kidding, Change-Your-Life Sidekick to Unfu*k Yourself

Turning Ordinary Moments into Extraordinary Results

14 min

3.9

❤️ für Blinkist️️️

Ines S.

Ich bin begeistert. Ich liebe Bücher aber durch zwei kleine Kinder komme ich einfach nicht zum Lesen. Und ja, viele Bücher haben viel bla bla und die Quintessenz ist eigentlich ein Bruchteil.

Genau dafür ist Blinkist total genial! Es wird auf das Wesentliche reduziert, die Blinks sind gut verständlich, gut zusammengefasst und auch hörbar! Das ist super. 80 Euro für ein ganzes Jahr klingt viel, aber dafür unbegrenzt Zugriff auf 3000 Bücher. Und dieses Wissen und die Zeitersparnis ist unbezahlbar.

Ekaterina S.

Extrem empfehlenswert. Statt sinnlos im Facebook zu scrollen höre ich jetzt täglich zwischen 3-4 "Bücher". Bei manchen wird schnelle klar, dass der Kauf unnötig ist, da schon das wichtigste zusammen gefasst wurde..bei anderen macht es Lust doch das Buch selbständig zu lesen. Wirklich toll

Nils S.

Einer der besten, bequemsten und sinnvollsten Apps die auf ein Handy gehören. Jeden morgen 15-20 Minuten für die eigene Weiterbildung/Entwicklung oder Wissen.

Julia P.

Viele tolle Bücher, auf deren Kernaussagen reduziert- präzise und ansprechend zusammengefasst. Endlich habe ich das Gefühl, Zeit für Bücher zu finden, für die ich sonst keine Zeit habe.