Mythology Buchzusammenfassung - das Wichtigste aus Mythology

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Zusammenfassung von Mythology

Name: Mythology
Rating: 4.5 (161 reviews)
Author: Edith Hamilton

Edith Hamilton

Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes

4.5 (161 Bewertungen)

32 Min.

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What’s in it for me? Learn the essential narratives of Western culture.

Greek and Roman mythology is, quite literally, the stuff of legend. From the creation of the world to squabbles on Mount Olympus, the siege of Troy to Orpheus’s loss of Eurydice, these stories have moved and thrilled people for generations.

Moreover, the power of these myths has inspired opera, tragedy, sculpture and painting for many centuries. This is partly because the stories of classical mythology and literature were part of education. While that’s not generally the case anymore, its impact can still be felt across Western culture. If you find yourself confronted by these myths in stories or in museums, it can feel like you’re missing out on something if you don’t have a grounding in them.

But you’re not the only one who’s stood in front of a sculpture such as Bernini’s Rape of Proserpina, or a Greek vase adorned with red figures, and felt like something was missing because you didn’t know the whole story.

It can therefore be a good idea to get to grips with the basics of classical mythology, which is exactly what you’ll get here!

In these blinks, you’ll learn

which Greek god you should worship if you’re a creative type;
where the Athenian Parthenon temple gets its name; and
why you might not have wanted to teach music to a Greek hero.

For the Greeks, the world came into being even before the gods.

In the beginning – as far as the Ancient Greeks were concerned – there was nothing. There were no gods or humans. There was just nothingness, the void that was Chaos.

Then, though no one quite knew how, something happened. Two children emerged from this oblivion, by the names of Night and Erebus, in which darkness and death were each said to reside.

Night then laid an egg in Erebus and from the darkness within Night and the death within Erebus, Love was born, bringing order to the chaotic void.

Love then created two new entities of its own, Light and Day.

What’s really interesting about the Greek creation myth is there was no attempt to explain the rationale. No god was an architect or initiator; things just happened. The same was true for the creation of the Earth itself.

The Greek poet Hesiod simply wrote that Earth came to be, and afterward gave birth to starry Heaven, equal to herself.

You might also have spotted that in these myths there is no difference between an object and a personified agent – sure, Earth and Heaven are places, but they also operate as individuals. That’s why Mother Earth also goes by the name of Gaea, while Ouranos is commonly used for Father Heaven.

Gaea and Ouranos had a series of monstrous children. Here we have a connection with the Greeks. We know that the world was once filled with monsters. The Greeks were no different. It’s just that their monsters were often a bit more human – it wasn’t a world populated by giant lizards or mammoths. The only difference is that the Greek monsters had more human qualities.

Three of their children had 100 hands and 50 eyes, and three were born with one eye each – Cyclops. Last of all were the gigantic Titans.

But Ouranos hated his own children. The youngest of these, Cronos, was so angered by this that he castrated his father, deposed him and instead became ruler over everything in his place.

Cronos chose to rule with his sister Rhea, and they had many children together. But Cronos would also become an anxious parent, learning that one of his children would eventually dethrone him. To prevent this from happening, Cronos set about devouring his sons and daughters. Only one son, Zeus, managed to escape as Rhea succeeded in hiding him on the island of Crete.

Eventually, Zeus decided to overthrow his father. With the assistance of the Titan Prometheus, Zeus defeated Cronos and the remaining Titans to become the sole ruler over the world.

The Greek gods, who resembled humans, were later appropriated by the Romans.

The Greek gods continue to fascinate, resonating in art and culture to this day. That’s because, although the Greeks didn’t see them as human, their appearance and behavior often were.

This contrasts starkly with other religious systems of the ancient world. Just consider how the Egyptians envisaged their female gods. Egyptian depictions of the gods made in stone still tower in the desert. Many of these statues have both human and animal features, and most of them are so colossal that it’s clear their seeming humanness is in fact inhuman. The Great Sphinx, for instance, has the head of a woman, the body of a great cat and is clearly visible from miles away.

Residing on Olympus, some of the Greek gods operated like a family.

Divine name reduplication can get a little confusing, so let’s introduce these Greco-Roman gods by their Greek names.

Zeus and his immediate siblings were among the most powerful gods. As we mentioned in the previous blink, Zeus commanded thunder, storms and lightning, and was often depicted holding a lightning bolt – he was the greatest of the gods.

Two gods lived on Earth, close to the human domain in which they were heavily involved.

The gods on Olympus generally make all the headlines. After all, they were powerful beings. But the Greeks and Romans had two other gods they regarded very highly. This was because the ancients saw these gods’ impact on their daily lives. They were also supposed to have lived a little closer to home, right here on Earth rather than on the peaks of Mount Olympus.

First off was the sister of Zeus, Demeter, who the Romans called Ceres. She was the goddess of the harvest and controlled the seasons. More specifically, the story of her daughter Persephone explained the rhythm of the seasons.

Greece had countless heroes, but Hercules was the greatest of them all.

The Greeks weren’t short on heroes; each one had his own unique story, and every region had its own favorite. For the people of Athens, it was their legendary founder, Theseus. We know him best for slaying the Minotaur, the bull-headed monster who lived in the labyrinth on Crete.

But there was one hero who transcended all others: Hercules.

There are many myths of love and loss, but none is more famous than that of Orpheus and Eurydice.

Since the wooden horse of Troy is perhaps the most famous feature of Greek storytelling, it’d be understandable if you thought all myths were about heroes and war. But the Greeks were, in fact, also deeply interested in love and loss.

Just consider the story of Narcissus and Echo.

The story of the Golden Fleece is filled with travel, killing and love.

Before Orpheus lost his bride, he had actually partaken in one of the most famous mythic adventures: the search for the Golden Fleece.

Jason, the rightful ruler of Iolcus in Greece, was the main protagonist here. Jason’s cousin Pelias ruled in his stead.

The Iliad recounts the Greek war against Troy, a story framed by the abduction of women.

Greek myths echo down to us from antiquity, and perhaps the most famous of these is the Greek war against Troy. Homer’s epic poem, the Iliad, is among the most ancient versions of that story.

It was Prince Paris who started the war. He lived at Troy, a city-state on the shores of Asia Minor. He abducted the beautiful Helen to be his bride. But Helen was already the queen of Menelaus, the king of the Greek city-state of Sparta. In response, the enraged Greeks gathered a fleet of 1,000 ships and set sail for Asia Minor to lay siege to Troy.

The deaths of some of the greatest heroes of the Trojan War also signaled its end.

Agamemnon was now without his prize hostage bride. Feeling hurt, he forced Achilles to hand over his own hostage bride. And with that, Achilles’s great sulk began. He refused to fight. His equally enraged mother, Thetis, sided with Achilles. She told him to desert the Greeks and sail home. After visiting her son, Thetis headed to Olympus to ask Zeus to aid a Trojan victory.

But Zeus continued to hedge his bets. He himself favored Troy, but the conflict between the factions on Olympus continued to rage. Zeus didn’t want to risk getting into a public fight with his wife, Hera, so he devised a plan.

The Greeks’ return from Troy was treacherous, especially for Odysseus.

Winning the greatest siege in history was no mean feat for the Greeks. They’d only done it with the help of the gods, who expected a show of gratitude. Unfortunately, the Greeks left Troy without thanking the gods for their support. This next part of the story is told in Homer’s Odyssey, another epic poem.

This oversight angered gods like Athena and Poseidon, who had been on the side of the Greeks. As punishment, they ensured that their journey home was as difficult as possible.

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Worum geht es in Mythology?

In Mythology (1942), Edith Hamilton takes the reader on a swift journey through the classical annals, surveying the fascinating stories of Greek and Roman mythology. The power of these stories impacted art and literature for centuries. Here, you can learn their essence. From the creation of the world to the epic siege of Troy, Hamilton gives you the grounding you need.

Bestes Zitat aus Mythology

The Greeks did not believe that the gods created the universe. It was the other way about: the universe created the gods.

—Edith Hamilton

Wer Mythology lesen sollte

Students of ancient history and classics
Any art lover who’s ever viewed a classical mythology-inspired painting with confusion
Dinner table conversationalists looking for a classical analogy to spice things up

Über den Autor

Edith Hamilton was a classicist and educator who was active from the turn of the twentieth century right up until her death at age 95 in 1963. She was renowned for bringing the classics of ancient literature to a wider public and her books on Greek and Roman mythology have been rightly lauded. She displayed a talent for distilling the complexity of antiquity and relating it in a clear and exciting way for a modern audience.

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