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On Palestine summary

Noam Chomsky, Ilan Pappé

Examine the Roots of Conflict and the Path to Justice in Palestine

3.5 (49 ratings)
22 mins

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On Palestine presents a thought-provoking dialogue between Noam Chomsky and Ilan Pappé on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It examines historical contexts, ongoing tensions, and explores possible solutions for achieving peace and justice in the region.

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    On Palestine
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    Changing the conversation

    What has happened to Palestine over the past century, and what can be done about it? This is the pressing question that professor Ilan Pappé has devoted much of his life to answering.

    Much of Pappé’s efforts are focused on changing the conversation. For years, there has been what the author calls an “old conversation” about Israel and Palestine. Pappé has been at the forefront of not only bringing about a new conversation, but also in recognizing a “new history” in the story of Israel and Palestine – one that corrects the historical record.

    These efforts have already been somewhat successful. The global public opinion has begun to shift in favor of the Palestinian cause. However, Israel’s political and economic allies in the West remain determined to keep the old conversation alive. As a result, Israel’s policies of dispossession continue unabated, with no real consequences.

    Part of the effort in putting forth a new conversation is to have people focus less on individual Israeli policies and more on the broader ideology that underpins them. Much like how apartheid was condemned in South Africa, Pappé argues that Zionism itself should be challenged. Yet public discourse avoids this, often out of fear of being labeled anti-Semitic.

    Another aspect of the old conversation is that we’re supposed to view the Palestinian struggle as being overly complex, when, at its core, it is a straightforward story of colonialism and dispossession. Despite efforts by Palestinian historians and Israeli scholars, these revisions haven’t translated into significant progress in peace talks, which continue to ignore the root causes of the conflict.

    In the old conversation, the two-state solution was held up as the most viable path to peace. This vision, often endorsed by international diplomats and even some Palestinians, called for Israel to retain 80 percent of the land, leaving 20 percent for a Palestinian state. But in the new conversation, this approach is increasingly seen as outdated. Activists and scholars now advocate for a one-state solution, rooted in the idea of decolonizing Israel and Palestine, and transforming the Israeli regime into a democracy that represents all people, not just Jewish Israelis.

    How can we make this happen? One of the main tactics is the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (or BDS) campaign, modeled after the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa. The aim is to apply external pressure on Israel, recognizing that real change is unlikely to come from within the country itself. This movement advocates not only for an end to the occupation but also for the recognition of Palestinian refugees’ right to return, a demand that many Palestinian leaders have been reluctant to fully endorse.

    It’s true that every past injustice can't be rectified. The emphasis instead is on stopping ongoing oppression. It's not about vengeance or naïveté but a realistic hope for justice and equality. Some might fear a single or binational democratic state, thinking that such an arrangement would reduce Palestinians to second-class citizens. Yet, on the ground, these concerns pale in comparison to the reality of continued occupation and ethnic cleansing.

    In the sections ahead, Pappé talks with Noam Chomsky for a more in-depth exploration of the issues: the history of Zionism, the public opinion within Israel, the effectiveness of activism, and what else can be done to advocate for the Palestinian people.

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    What is On Palestine about?

    On Palestine (2014) offers a thought-provoking exploration of one of the world’s most contentious conflicts. It challenges prevailing narratives in an effort to uncover the historical and political forces that have shaped the fate of the Palestinian people, aiming to inspire critical reflection on the future of the region and unearth ways in which a more just outcome may prevail.

    Who should read On Palestine?

    • Anyone interested in Middle Eastern politics
    • Human rights advocates
    • Activists involved in peace movements

    About the Author

    Noam Chomsky is an influential American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, and social critic, often regarded as one of the most significant intellectuals of modern times. He revolutionized the field of linguistics with his theory of universal grammar. He is also a prominent critic of US foreign policy and corporate power, having authored numerous books and essays that address issues of social justice, media manipulation, and political ethics.

    Ilan Pappé is an Israeli historian and political activist known for his critical perspectives on Zionism and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. He is a prominent advocate for Palestinian rights and a vocal critic of Israeli policies regarding the displacement of Palestinians. Pappé has authored several influential books, including The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, and is a key figure in the field of post-Zionist historiography. 

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