Life 3.0 Buchzusammenfassung - das Wichtigste aus Life 3.0

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Zusammenfassung von Life 3.0

Name: Life 3.0
Rating: 4.3 (456 reviews)
Author: Max Tegmark

Max Tegmark

Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

4.3 (456 Bewertungen)

19 Min.

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Artificial Intelligence Human-Machine Interaction

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Life 3.0
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What’s in it for me? Learn what the future will bring.

For thousands of years, life on earth has been progressing and evolving. No species exemplifies this more than humans.

Max Tegmark imagines us now moving toward the final evolutionary stage: Life 3.0. In this era of humanity, technology will live independently, designing both its own hardware and software, and the repercussions for the very existence of humankind are immense.

Such artificial life does not yet exist on earth. However, we are faced with the emergence of non-biological intelligence, commonly known as artificial intelligence (AI).

In these blinks, you’ll be taken on a journey charting possible versions of the future. You’ll also learn what exactly is involved in the creation of AI and how AI differs from human intelligence. Along the way, you’ll grapple with some of the biggest philosophical questions concerning what it means to be human.

In these blinks, you’ll learn:

about the holy grail of AI research;
what kind of chaos exists in your coffee cup; and
how AI might put jobs at risk.

AI could represent the future of life, but it’s a controversial subject.

The story of how life emerged on earth is well known. Some 13.8 billion years ago, the Big Bang brought our universe into being. Then, about four billion years ago, atoms on earth arranged themselves in such a way that they could maintain and replicate themselves. Life had arisen.

As the author posits, life can be classified into three categories according to levels of sophistication.

The first stage of life, Life 1.0, is simply biological.

Consider a bacterium. Every aspect of its behavior is coded into its DNA. It's impossible for it to learn or change its behavior over its lifetime. The closest it comes to learning or improvement is evolution, but that takes many generations.

The second stage is cultural, Life 2.0.

Humans are included here. Just like the bacterium, our “hardware” or bodies have evolved. But unlike simpler life-forms, we can acquire new knowledge during our lifetimes. Take learning a language. We can adapt and redesign ideas that we might call our “software.” And we make decisions using this knowledge.

The final stage is the theoretical Life 3.0, a form of technological life capable of designing both its hardware and software. Although such life doesn’t yet exist on earth, the emergence of non-biological intelligence in the form of AI technologies may soon change this.

Those who hold opinions about AI can be classified by how they feel about the emerging field’s effect on humanity.

First up are the digital utopians. They believe that artificial life is a natural and desirable next step in evolution.

Second, there are the techno-skeptics. As the name suggests, they don’t believe that artificial life will have an impact anytime soon.

Finally, there’s the beneficial AI movement. These people aren’t sold on the idea that AI will necessarily bring benefits to humans. They therefore advocate that AI research be specifically directed toward possible universally positive outcomes.

Capabilities for memory, computation, learning and intelligence aren’t distinctly human attributes.

What makes us human? Our ability to think and learn? One might think so.

Researchers in AI, however, are generally opposed to such a notion. They claim that the capability for memory, computation, learning and intelligence has nothing to do with human flesh and blood, let alone carbon atoms.

AI is advancing rapidly and will impact human life in the near future.

Machines aren’t anything new to humans. We’ve been using them for manual tasks for millennia. If you define your self-worth by your cognitive skills, such as intelligence, language and creativity, these machines pose no threat. However, recent breakthroughs in AI might begin to worry you.

The author had his own “holy-shit” moment in 2014 when he witnessed an AI system playing an old computer game named Breakout. That’s the game where you hit a ball against a wall by maneuvering a paddle.

Creating human-level AI could result in a superintelligent machine taking over the world.

Until now, AI has been applied fairly narrowly in limited fields like language translation or strategy games.

In contrast, the holy grail of AI research is the production of AGI that would operate at a human level of intelligence.

Various AI aftermath scenarios are possible, ranging from the comforting to the terrifying.

Whether we like it or not, the race toward AGI is underway.

But what would we like the aftermath of attaining it to look like?

Nature, humans included, has goals, and researchers are striving to simulate this behavior for AI.

There’s no doubt that we humans are goal-oriented. Think about it: even something as small as successfully pouring coffee into a cup involves completing a goal.

But actually, nature operates the same way. Specifically, it has one ultimate purpose: destruction. Technically, this is known as maximizing entropy, which in a layperson’s terms means increasing messiness and disorder. When entropy is high, nature is “satisfied.”

AI researchers are deliberating the meaning of consciousness and the subjectiveness of AI experience.

The question of what consciousness is and how it relates to life is hardly new. AI researchers are faced with the same age-old issue. More specifically, they wonder how lifeless matter could become conscious.

Let’s come at it from a human perspective first. As a physicist like the author would put it, conscious human beings are just “food rearranged,” meaning that the atoms we ingest are simply rearranged to form our bodies.

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Worum geht es in Life 3.0?

Life 3.0 (2017) is a tour through the current questions, ideas and research involved in the emerging field of artificial intelligence. Author Max Tegmark provides us a glimpse into the future, sketching out the possible scenarios that might transpire on earth. Humans might fuse with machines; we might bend machines to our will or, terrifyingly, intelligent machines could take over.

Bestes Zitat aus Life 3.0

One of the most spectacular developments during the 13.8 billion years since our Big Bang is that dumb and lifeless matter has turned intelligent.

—Max Tegmark

Wer Life 3.0 lesen sollte

Artificial intelligence enthusiasts and physicists
Future gazers and philosophers
Nerds, geeks and science fiction fans

Über den Autor

Max Tegmark is a professor of physics at MIT. He is president of the Future of Life Institute and has featured in various science documentaries. Tegmark is also the author of Our Mathematical Universe.

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