Heart Buchzusammenfassung - das Wichtigste aus Heart

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Zusammenfassung von Heart

Name: Heart
Rating: 4.5 (34 reviews)
Author: Sandeep Jauhar

Sandeep Jauhar

A History

4.5 (34 Bewertungen)

24 Min.

Kurz zusammengefasst

'Heart' by Sandeep Jauhar is a personal and informative exploration of the human heart. It delves into heart disease, medical technology, and the author’s own experiences as a cardiologist and sufferer of heart disease.

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Erkrankungen Kultur

Inhaltsübersicht

Heart
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What’s in it for me? Get intimate with the workings of the heart.

The heart, one of our most important organs, has long been a symbol of life, love and emotions. In fact, the heart was seen as so important that the ancient Greeks maintained a cardiocentric view of the body; they held the heart responsible not just for emotions, but for the very process of critical thought.

These blinks will give you a peek into the curious history of the heart as an organ that sustains lives, but also as a symbol that has inspired cultures the world over.

A short warning before we begin: The following blinks contain graphic descriptions of surgeries, and experiments using animals.

In these blinks you’ll learn

what a Japanese octopus pot has to do with heart disease;
how one eccentric young surgeon decided self-surgery was the way to advance science; and
why the problem of fatty plaque in the arteries just vanished with a puff.

The heart has been a symbol of human emotions ever since the Middle Ages.

Children love exploring the world around them and figuring out how it works. The author, Sandeep Jauhar, was no different. As a teenager, he once decided that for a school science project he would measure the electrical signals emanating from a frog’s heart. To do this, he’d have to dissect one. Unfortunately, all he ended up doing was causing the frog a tremendous amount of pain.

It was at that moment the Jauhar’s mother found him, weeping at what he’d done to the poor creature.

She tenderly explained to him that his heart was too small to take on a task that required such developed empathy: a small heart wouldn’t yet be courageous enough.

Jauhar’s mother was tapping into a well-worn metaphor, but that doesn’t make it any less potent – for centuries the heart has been associated with feelings such as courage.

It was in Renaissance Europe that the heart first began to be seen as the seat of human courage. Consequently, depictions of hearts found their way onto coats of arms as symbols of loyalty and bravery. The very word “courage” is derived from the Latin word for heart, “cor.”

The logical consequence of this metaphor is that people with small hearts lack courage and strength. This might result in them admitting defeat early on when beginning difficult tasks.

Interestingly, this metaphor stretches much further than the cultures of Europe. Take Jauhar’s grandmother as an example. She used to regularly chastise her family, telling them to "take heart” when she felt they were about to give up on a venture.

Most famously, of course, the heart is a metaphor for love. It’s been that way since the Middle Ages. In fact, the connection between heart and love is so strong that if you ask people what image they associate most with love, they’ll likely visualize a valentine heart.

There’s even a scientific name for this shape. It’s called a cardioid, and you see it everywhere in nature – certain leaves, flowers and seeds all occur as cardioids.

One such example is the silphium plant. Its heart-shaped seeds were used throughout the Middle Ages as a natural contraceptive.

It may be because of this usage that this particular heart shape became so linked with courtship and sexual behavior.

The heart shape found its way into courtship paintings of the era and, from then on, the cardioid heart has become the symbol of romance in the West.

Emotions affect the heart, even leading to emotional heart damage.

Despite Jauhar’s failed youthful exploits, he nonetheless realized that medical practice would be his career. He trained to become a cardiologist and eventually started working in New York.

He soon discovered that his work consisted of much more than recommending healthier diets and exercise, or performing surgery when required. Often, he would help patients by talking about emotional matters such as their fears and anxieties.

A daring self-experiment by Werner Forssmann led to Nobel-prize winning breakthroughs in cardiology.

The year is 1929. In Eberswalde, a small town near Berlin, a medical intern by the name of Werner Forssmann convinces a nurse to get hold of an extra-long catheter tube. She thinks she’s about to be the first guinea pig in an experimental operation that Forssmann has devised, and enters the operating theater tentatively handing over the catheter.

But all was not as it seemed. Forssmann tied the nurse to the table, but not because of what the nurse feared.

Open heart surgery was thought impossible before cross-circulation surgical procedures were invented.

You surely already know this scene from the movies: one of the protagonists is suddenly struck by a heart attack and is hurried to the nearest hospital. There, he is put on a gurney and wheeled away by medical staff.

More often than not, these fictional characters survive, as do most people in real life these days. But for many years, survival from such an attack was not even a possibility. That’s because open-heart surgery – the operation often required – was simply too risky to perform.

Congenital heart disease remained a major health problem until the advent of the first cross-circulation surgeries in the 1950s.

All in all, Lillehei performed his cross-circulation experiments on more than 200 dogs. Sure of his technique, he was keen to find a human subject on whom to try the surgery.

In 1954, Lillehei identified which group of patients would respond best to his method. He found that it was those with congenital heart disease, that is, where the heart, aorta or other large blood vessels were deformed from birth. It is also the most common form of major congenital disability found in newborns.

In the 1950s, lifestyle factors began to be understood as contributing to the risk of heart problems.

The 32nd President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, was a titan in every sense of the word. But throughout much of his four-term presidency, he suffered from heart complications, ultimately dying of a massive heart attack in 1945.

The death of such a prominent figure may well have stimulated the decision to establish a major study for a better understanding of heart disease in the 1950s.

It’s well known that diet and exercise affect heart disease, but psychosocial factors do as well.

The Framingham Study marked a massive step forward in the identification of the causes contributing to heart disease. But the study wasn’t perfect. Its data sample was restricted – it looked only at a white middle-class population based in one suburban US town.

This meant that when scientists expanded the study to look at other populations, they learned much more about heart disease.

Fatty plaque was a major health problem until treatment was developed in the 1970s.

In the 1960s a major health problem was common in America: fatty plaque was obstructing and clogging up people’s arteries. But the medical community was at a loss. They needed a solution, but before they could find one, they had to work out how fatty plaque developed in the first place.

Since the 1961 Framingham Study, medical professionals had known that high cholesterol levels were linked to heart disease. But they weren’t yet sure why.

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Worum geht es in Heart?

Heart (2018) examines an organ that has baffled humanity for centuries. By delving into the history of the heart, both from a biological and a cultural perspective, it explains why the heart plays such an important role in human history.

Bestes Zitat aus Heart

Today we know that emotions do not reside in the heart per se, but we nevertheless continue to subscribe to the hearts symbolic connotations.

—Sandeep Jauhar

Wer Heart lesen sollte

Medical students
Patients with health issues affecting the heart
Historians of science

Über den Autor

Sandeep Jauhar is a leading heart specialist at the Long Island Jewish Medical Center. He has also regularly contributed medical articles to the New York Times, and is the author of two other books, Doctored (2014) and Intern (2007). He lives in Long Island with his family.

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