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Zusammenfassung von Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?

Name: Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?
Rating: 4.4 (77 reviews)
Author: Beverly Daniel Tatum

Beverly Daniel Tatum

And Other Conversations About Race

4.4 (77 Bewertungen)

26 Min.

Kurz zusammengefasst

"Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?" by Beverly Daniel Tatum is a thought-provoking exploration of racial identity, examining how young people develop their sense of self and how societal factors can impact this process.

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What’s in it for me? Learn why racial divisions still exist in the US education system and how we can work to overcome them.

“Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?” It’s a question many parents, educators, and students ask themselves when they step inside racially mixed high schools in the United States. At many of these schools, Black, white, Latinx, and other students of color cluster together into their own groups, and they rarely engage in cross-racial dialogue.

Unfortunately, this is part and parcel of an even bigger problem in American society. While the population is becoming increasingly diverse, old patterns of segregation persist, and many people still feel uncomfortable talking about race.

Why is it so hard for Americans to talk about race? Why do racial divisions continue to keep them apart? And what can be done about these problems, both in the educational system and in American society at large?

In these blinks, you’ll find out

how schools and neighborhoods in the US are still racially segregated;
why our views of race are shaped and distorted by cultural stereotypes; and
how race-conscious parenting is important for children’s development.

Racism and racial inequality persist in the United States.

In the early years of the author’s career in higher education, a white student asked her what she would be teaching the next semester. “A course on racism,” she answered. “Oh,” the student replied, with a surprised look on her face. “Is there still racism?”

The question was baffling to the author. How could anyone be unaware of the continued existence of racism in the US?

Years later – after the shooting of Trayvon Martin and the church massacre in Charleston, South Carolina – the author thought this attitude would change. But to her surprise, many white people continued to think that racism was a thing of the past.

Unfortunately, that couldn’t be farther from the truth.

The key message here is: Racism and racial inequality persist in the United States.

Yes, the US has made some progress on this front, especially thanks to the civil rights movement of the 1950s and ‘60s. But racism and racial inequality continue to afflict just about every aspect of American society – housing, education, the criminal justice system, you name it.

The numbers bear this out. For example, according to data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the highest-paying occupational categories are dominated by white and Asian Americans. At the bottom of the ladder, Latinx people are overrepresented in low-paying industries such as agriculture and housekeeping. And Black people disproportionately wind up working so-called “menial” jobs, such as those of nursing aides, bus drivers, and security guards.

The extent of racial inequality in the US becomes even more obvious when you look at the income divide between white and Black Americans. According to data collected by the Pew Research Center in 2014, the median white household income was $71,300, while the median Black household income was only $43,300.

The truth of the matter is that white Americans receive many societal privileges just for being white. This can be seen in nearly every social indicator that measures their well-being – from a higher income to a longer life expectancy.

But white Americans also enjoy many privileges that may not always be so obvious to them. For example, they can shop in department stores without being followed by suspicious sales assistants. And they can send their children to school knowing they won't be discriminated against for their skin color.

So racial inequality definitely continues to be a problem in the US – but many white people are completely unaware of it. Why is that? How could they be so oblivious to something that’s so obvious when you look at the data?

Racial segregation continues to be a problem, both in US schools and American society at large.

Think of someone you haven’t seen or spoken to in a while – say, a person who’s drifted away from your circle of friends. How is she doing? What sort of issues has she been dealing with lately?

Not sure? Well, that’s the point. It’s hard to be aware of other people’s problems when you don’t even have contact with them.

Our views of race are shaped by cultural stereotypes.

When the author was teaching at Mount Holyoke College back in the early ’90s, one of her students conducted a research project on preschoolers’ perceptions of Native Americans. As part of her research, the student went to a local daycare center and asked children of three to four years of age to draw a picture of a Native American.

Most of the children were dumbfounded by her request. They didn’t know what a Native American was. However, when she asked them to draw a picture of an Indian, they immediately grabbed their pens and began scribbling away.

Black children realize the significance of their racial identity during adolescence.

We all know what beginning puberty is like. You start to get pimples on your face, hair erupts in all sorts of new places, and an increase in hormones sends your mood swinging from happy to stressed to sad and back again in just a few hours.

Adolescents entering puberty also begin to explore their identities. They start asking the all-important questions: Who am I? Who was I before? Who will I become?

Black students congregate together to share their experiences and hardships with each other.

To this day, people of color have only to flip through a magazine or switch on the television to see a negative, stereotypical image of their minority group reflected back at them. For Black women, there’s the stereotype of the “welfare queen” and the “gold digger.” And for Black men, there’s all the news footage of young Black men being led away in handcuffs – to give just a few examples.

Faced with all of these harmful images of themselves, Black teens growing up in mixed-race communities have to affirm alternative definitions of themselves. And they do this by connecting with their Black peers.

Parents and educators can help young Black people develop their sense of Black identity.

When the author was in high school in the early 1970s, she didn’t sit at the Black kids’ table in the cafeteria – simply because there weren’t enough Black kids to fill one.

Being one of the few Black people at her school, the author experienced feelings of isolation from an early age. But that changed when she got to college. There, something happened that helped her develop her sense of Black identity. And the lessons of her experience are applicable to other Black children, adolescents, and young adults, along with the parents and educators who work with them.

White people need to develop a sense of racial identity that helps them to become aware of their racial privileges.

When the author begins classes and workshops on issues of race, she often asks participants, “What’s your class and ethnic background?” People of color always answer without hesitation, but white participants often pause before responding.

On one occasion, a young white woman described herself as middle class, but she wasn’t sure how to describe herself ethnically. Finally, she blurted out, “I’m just normal!”

Many white people are afraid to talk about racism, but open dialogue is an essential part of overcoming the problem.

Fear is a powerful emotion. It can make us freeze up in panic, leaving us unable to think, move, or even speak.

When it comes to discussing race and racism, many white people remain silent out of fear. The result? A culture of silence, in which the problems of race and racism have become taboo topics in American society.

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Worum geht es in Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria??

Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? (1997) explores the reality of race in the American public education system and sheds light on racial-identity development in both Black and white people. Updated with a new prologue in 2017, it also explains how talking openly about racism is essential for cutting across racial and ethnic divides.

Bestes Zitat aus Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?

Stereotypes, distortions and omissions contribute to the development of prejudice.

—Beverly Daniel Tatum

Wer Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? lesen sollte

People seeking to understand the dynamics of race in America
Parents and educators who want to teach children about race
Those interested in social justice, equal opportunity, and democracy

Über den Autor

Beverly Daniel Tatum is an educator, researcher, and psychologist who specializes in the topics of race in education, racial identity development in teenagers, and the psychological underpinnings of racism. She is president emerita of Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia. In 2014, she received the American Psychological Association’s Award for Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology.

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