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Zusammenfassung von Think Again

Name: Think Again
Rating: 4.6 (1019 reviews)
Author: Adam Grant

Adam Grant

The Power of Knowing What You Don't Know

4.6 (1019 Bewertungen)

22 Min.

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Think Again
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What’s in it for me? Learn why it’s alright to be wrong.

If you’ve ever lost an argument to an annoying colleague, or failed to convince a stubborn uncle of why your opinion on a topic is the only sensible one over a family dinner, you might have thought to yourself: “If only I were smarter, I could have won this argument.” Maybe you even promised yourself to sharpen your mind and hone your arguments until next time.

It seems like a reasonable goal, but what if it’s the wrong one? What if, rather than improving your mind, what you should really be working on is getting better at changing it?

That’s where these blinks come in. You’ll discover that the key to better judgment, greater competence, and winning more arguments, lies not in your powers of thinking, but in your ability to think again. From eliminating racism in society, to persuading anti-vaxxers, to better teamwork, you’ll learn that humanity takes a step forward when certainty takes a step back.

In these blinks, you’ll learn

why the least funny people think they’re hilarious;
what a NASA space disaster can teach us about workplace culture; and
how to win the argument every single time.

In a constantly changing world, it pays to change your mind.

In 2009, Blackberry smartphones were riding high. The company controlled almost 50 percent of the smartphone market, and everyone from Bill Gates, to President Obama, to Oprah, declared that they couldn’t live without their Blackberries. But just five years later, the company’s market share had nosedived to just 1 percent.

Why? Because Blackberry’s inventor, Mike Lazaridis, wouldn’t change his mind.

As Apple’s iPhone was released in 2007 and began to gain market share, Lazaridis continued to believe that most consumers would only want a device that could make calls and send and receive emails. He simply couldn’t imagine a world in which people wanted more than what a Blackberry could do.

The key message here is: In a constantly changing world, it pays to change your mind.

But before you rush to judge Mike Lazaridis, consider that you might have made exactly the same mistake.

Whether you’re a business leader or an entrepreneur, you probably pride yourself on sticking to your guns and staying true to what you believe in.

But the problem with sticking to your guns is that the world is now changing faster than ever before, and access to information is increasing faster, too. Just consider this: in 2011, the average person consumed five times the amount of information, each day, as the average person did in 1986.

This frenetic pace of change means that knowing how to think isn’t enough anymore. You also need to know how to rethink, so that you can integrate new information into your belief systems and strategies.

Ok, but how do you do that? A great place to start is to train yourself to think like a scientist.

Scientists are always curious about what they don’t know, and they’re constantly adapting their views to fit with incoming data. Scientists don’t begin with answers but with questions. They carefully test their theories and rely on evidence, not intuition.

If you’re a business leader, you can think more like a scientist by viewing your business strategy as a theory that you need to test. A study on Italian startups found that founders who thought about their businesses scientifically gained more revenue and more customers than founders who didn’t. The researchers concluded that the scientifically-minded leaders had more success because they were more likely to pivot and adjust their business models when things started going wrong.

You might not know what you don’t know.

For most of us, our biggest blind spots are the things we’re not good at. This might seem counter-intuitive, but numerous studies have shown that the people who score the lowest on tests of logical reasoning and sense of humor, for example, also have the most overinflated view of their abilities in these areas.

The key message here is: You might not know what you don’t know.

The best negotiators do three key things to change people’s minds.

How do you persuade someone that you’re right? Grant used to believe that the art of persuasion consisted of reeling off evidence that the other person was wrong. But he’s come to realize that there’s a lot more to negotiations and debate than beating someone over the head with logic.

The key message here is: The best negotiators do three key things to change people’s minds.

Even the most ignorant beliefs can be changed.

In 1983, Black musician Daryl Davis began talking to members of the Ku Klux Klan. His mission? To convince the most racist people in America to change their minds. Since that day, Davis has persuaded many Klan members to rethink their racism and leave the KKK; one former klansman even asked Davis to be his daughter’s godfather. His success tells us a lot about one method to stamp out bigotry.

The key message here is: Even the most ignorant beliefs can be changed.

You can persuade someone by asking them the right questions.

As strange as it may sound, sometimes the best way to get people to rethink is to interview them. In 2018, in a hospital in Quebec, Canada, a young mother named Marie-Hélène was refusing to change her mind. Marie-Hélène was an anti-vaxxer, and she didn’t want her premature baby, Tobie, to be vaccinated against measles.

The staff on the maternity ward knew there was only one person who might be able to help. Enter Dr. Arnaud Gagneur, the vaccine whisperer, whose work holds powerful insights into rethinking.

People rethink less when an issue is presented as black and white.

In 2006 Al Gore released his award-winning documentary on climate change: An Inconvenient Truth. It had a seismic effect; persuading governments, businesses, and ordinary people to start protecting the planet. But 15 years on, how successful has the environmental movement been in changing America’s mind on climate change? Perhaps not as successful as it could have been.

By 2018, only 59 percent of Americans viewed climate change as a severe problem, and 16 percent said they didn’t think it was a problem at all. So what can the mixed success of climate activists teach us about getting people to think again?

Your organizational culture impacts your team’s ability to rethink.

Rethinking isn’t just about individuals changing their minds, it’s also a collective necessity for organizations. In 2003, NASA’s Columbia Space Shuttle took off. As it did, some foam broke off the shuttle. The NASA ground team’s reaction? They quickly decided it wasn’t a big issue. Foam had broken off spaceships before and nothing bad had happened.

If the ground team had thought again about the importance of the foam though, they would have realized that it was a big issue; the foam loss ultimately caused the ship to break up when it reentered the earth’s atmosphere. And all seven astronauts died.

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Worum geht es in Think Again?

Think Again (2021) examines the science behind changing your mind – and persuading others to change theirs. It explores the biases and assumptions that we bring to our decision-making, and outlines how individuals and organizations can build a mindset of lifelong curiosity.

Bestes Zitat aus Think Again

We learn more from people who challenge our thought process than those who affirm our conclusions.

—Adam Grant

Wer Think Again lesen sollte

Psychology buffs looking for fresh insights
Sales professionals seeking a new angle
People managers hoping to improve team performance

Über den Autor

Adam Grant is an organizational psychologist and consultant, and the author of four New York Times best-selling books. His clients include Google, the NBA, and the Gates Foundation.

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