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Zusammenfassung von The Longevity Paradox

Name: The Longevity Paradox
Rating: 4.6 (271 reviews)
Author: Steven Gundry

Steven Gundry

How to Die Young at a Ripe Old Age

4.6 (271 Bewertungen)

25 Min.

Themen

Aging

Inhaltsübersicht

The Longevity Paradox
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Kernaussage 1 von 8

What’s in it for me? Learn the surprising secrets to living a long and healthy life.

Almost everyone wants to live a long life – but almost nobody actually wants to get old. That’s the paradox at the center of many of our thoughts, feelings and desires about aging. It’s a paradox because the two sentiments seem to contradict each other. After all, living a long life means getting old; we can’t have one without the other, right?

Well, that depends on what you mean by “getting old.” If it’s just the digits in your age increasing, then, yes, that’s impossible to avoid. But what you’re really concerned about probably isn’t that number per se; it’s the physical and mental aging that usually comes with it: brittle bones, weak muscles, cancer, heart attacks, memory loss, dementia – the list goes on and on.

So what you really want is to live a long life while still enjoying the vitality of your youth. That’s not really that paradoxical – but it might seem like wishful thinking, at the very least. Is it possible to reach your 80s while retaining the mind and body of a healthy 40-year-old? The short answer is yes. The longer answer is the subject of these blinks!

In them, you’ll learn about

the problems of doing too much exercise;
the benefits of eating too little food;
the secrets of some lab mice who seemingly aged in reverse.

People are living longer but not healthier lives.

Have you ever experienced one of those strange days in which the sky seems split in two – blue and sunny in one half, dark and grey in the other? Well, when you’re looking at the longevity of people living in Western societies, that’s one way you could picture the current state of affairs.

On the bright side, the average person’s life span has significantly increased over the past five decades. For example, from 1960 to 2013, it went from 66.4 to 76.4 years for the average American man, and from 73.1 to 81.1 years for the average American woman.

But on the dark side, there are some ominous clouds brewing. In the past three years, the lengthening of the average American life span has not only stalled; it’s actually declined a bit. More troubling still, the previous increase in people’s life spans has not been accompanied by a corresponding increase in their health spans – the number of years in which their bodies and minds remain fully functional.

In the US, most people’s health begins to deteriorate at the age of 50.9. From that point onward, the myriad problems of aging begin to kick in: muscle loss, obesity, osteoporosis, arthritis, heart disease, cancer, memory loss, dementia – the list goes on and on. So while people have more years to live than their ancestors, they lack the vitality to actually enjoy them.

That’s because the general increase in the average life span isn’t really the result of an improvement in people’s underlying health; rather, it’s the result of an improvement in the prevention and mitigation of certain diseases and health problems. Thanks to vaccines, antibiotics and improved hygiene practices, people are no longer being prematurely killed en masse by infectious diseases. Those diseases used to be especially devastating to young children, whose early deaths drove down the average life span. Meanwhile, thanks to a range of medical treatments, drugs and procedures such as bypass surgeries, people can be kept alive longer than before, despite poor health.

But what’s responsible for that poor health in the first place? Well, you’ve probably heard the main answer many times: the unhealthiness of the standard Western diet and lifestyle, which are notoriously full of junk food and inactivity. But some of the main reasons why your diet and lifestyle choices are negatively affecting your health may come as a surprise to you.

One of the keys to a long, healthy life is to cultivate your gut bacteria carefully.

Imagine a woman who’s well into her 90s, but can still move and think like a 50-year-old. What’s the secret to her vitality? Good genes? A healthy diet?

Well, both – but not for the reasons you’re probably thinking of!

Mitochondria have a huge impact on cellular growth and longevity.

The bacterial footprint in our bodies goes even deeper than the trillions of bacteria that populate them, vastly outnumbering our human cells. It’s even stamped inside most of those human cells themselves, where it can be found in the form of mitochondria.

In case you don’t remember them from your high school biology class, mitochondria are parts of our cells that are descended from bacteria. In collaboration with our gut bacteria, they do vital work for us. One of their jobs is to take the nutrients and substances processed by our gut bacteria and convert them into energy for our cells. Another job is to decide how quickly our cells should grow, which ones should live and which ones should die.

Your gut wall plays a crucial gatekeeping role between your intestines and the rest of your body.

If longevity were a superhero movie, then the protagonists of the story would form a dynamic trio. You’ve met two of its members so far: your gut bacteria and your mitochondria. Now it’s time to meet the third: your gut wall.

This is the protective barrier between your gut and the rest of your body. It consists of a single layer of mucus-producing cells that line your intestines. They’re tightly packed together, and they’re interspersed with immune cells – specialized white blood cells that act as a sort of gatekeeper in the wall.

Your gut wall can be weakened by substances that are endemic to the Western diet and lifestyle.

If you had an invincible gut wall, then harmful substances like LPSs would never be able to escape your intestines and wreak havoc on the rest of your body. Unfortunately, your gut wall is far from invincible – and you can make it even weaker if you have an unhealthy diet or lifestyle.

Let’s start with something called lectins. These plant-derived proteins share a similar molecular pattern to LPSs, and your immune cells react to them in much the same manner – as foreign invaders, leading to inflammation. But lectins’ villainy goes even further than that. They’re also one of your gut wall’s worst enemies.

Your gut wall can be strengthened by a pair of phenomena called hormesis and autophagy.

At this point, you’re probably wishing you could have a gut wall made of steel – one that was impervious to health span-decreasing, inflammatory and disease-causing invaders like LPSs, WGAs and other lectins. Fortunately, there are some simple ways to strengthen your gut wall – but to pull them off, you’ll need to enlist the help of your gut bacteria.

One of the simplest tactics you can implement right away is to eat plenty of food that provides your body with a source of organic compounds known as polyamines. Sources of these compounds include leafy greens, mushrooms, nuts, seeds, lentils, shellfish, chicken liver and aged cheese. When they’re given these foods, your gut bacteria use them to produce and transport polyamines, which then help to protect your gut wall.

To benefit from hormesis and autophagy, seek out polyphenols and moderate amounts of alcohol and exercise.

If you want to experience the gut wall-reenforcing, inflammation- and disease-preventing benefits of hormesis and autophagy, then there are a number of practical life changes you can implement.

The good news is that a couple of the steps you can take are not only easy, but actually enjoyable to carry out. Here’s the first one: consume food and drink that contain polyphenols. Okay, that might not sound enjoyable if you don’t know what polyphenols are or where they come from, but you’re in for a pleasant surprise. Three of the main sources of this highly beneficial plant compound are berries, grapes and red wine!

To live a long and healthy life, make your bacteria hungry.

In this blink, the big picture is finally going to come together. Remember the dynamic trio of longevity – gut bacteria, your gut wall and mitochondria? Well, now you’re going to see how their superpowers combine together – and how you can take advantage of all three of them in one fell swoop.

But there is a downside: you’re going to be hungry. Very hungry.

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Worum geht es in The Longevity Paradox?

The Longevity Paradox (2019) looks at three of the most crucial factors behind aging well: our gut bacteria, our gut walls and our mitochondria. By helping us to understand the roles these factors play in our health, and by showing us some powerful strategies we can adopt to support them, the author points us toward long and healthy lives.

Wer The Longevity Paradox lesen sollte

Young people wanting to avoid the problems that often accompany aging
Older people wanting to escape those problems
Anyone interested in alternative medical views

Über den Autor

Dr. Steven Gundry founded and runs the International Heart and Lung Institute and the Center for Restorative Medicine, where he conducts independent medical research and clinical practice. He was formerly a professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Loma Linda University School of Medicine. He is the author of the New York Times bestselling books The Plant Paradox and The Plant Paradox Cookbook.

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