Gut Buchzusammenfassung - das Wichtigste aus Gut

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Zusammenfassung von Gut

Name: Gut
Rating: 4.3 (112 reviews)
Author: Giulia Enders

Giulia Enders

The Inside Story of Our Body’s Most Underrated Organ

4.3 (112 Bewertungen)

22 Min.

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Gut
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What’s in it for me? Have some guts!

How would you react if someone at a dinner party started talking about their gut and their latest bowel movement? You’d probably be pretty disgusted. After all, the digestive system isn’t a topic for polite conversation.

But maybe it should be! As it turns out, our gut is much more fascinating than it is gross. In fact, it’s one of the most complex and most astonishing organs we have.

If you’re one of those people who get disgusted whenever someone mentions anything associated with digestion, prepare to rethink your assumptions – because these blinks will help you learn to stomach your own stomach! We’ll follow a piece of cake on its journey through the body, and learn things about the gut that you never thought possible.

In these blinks, you’ll also learn

what lactose intolerance really is;
how depression can be healed in mice; and
how microbes influence our consciousness.

The gut is a unique and impressive organ – nothing to be ashamed of!

We usually don’t talk about the inner workings of our digestive system. Indeed, many find the topic downright gross. However, the complex functions of the gut are more fascinating than disgusting and, as far as organs go, the gut is extremely underrated. Furthermore, all of us would benefit from knowing a bit more about what happens when we eat.

Most people know nothing about exactly what goes on in our gut, which, in more scientific language, is called the gastrointestinal tract. Yes, we have all flushed away the unpleasant final product that ends up in the toilet, but few of us are familiar with the important work that led to that product.

Of course, there is one part of digestion that we do focus on. That would be the initial part, when we chew up and savor the taste of our food. But we’re only concerned with the rest of the process if there’s a problem like indigestion.

That’s because, once we swallow, the food enters an area of smooth muscle tissue that is outside of our consciousness.

In fact, our digestive system has a nervous system of its very own, allowing our digestive system to independently perform all of its functions. The work it does takes place without the involvement of our conscious mind, which makes the gut a very unique human organ.

Another incredible fact about our gut is the mind-boggling amount of bacteria living inside of it. Our entire digestive system contains up to 100 billion bacteria. This accounts for 99 percent of all microorganisms in our entire body! Of course, these bacteria exit the body, too: there are more bacteria in one gram of excrement than there are people on the planet.

But this is nothing to be ashamed of. It’s part of the important and incredible work the gut does every day. We take it for granted – but what our gut does for our mind and body is something we should be very grateful for.

Food’s journey through our bodies begins with our outer senses.

Let’s admire the work our gut does by tracking a piece of cake as it journeys through the digestive system. This journey actually begins before your first bite. In this case, it begins while you’re standing outside the bakery, and you first lay eyes on that cake.

As you stare at the cake through the shop window, you begin to imagine the sweet aroma and taste, and your mouth begins to water. Unable to resist, you decide to buy it.

From the esophagus, our food enters the gut and the small intestine.

Imagine thousands of fans at a sports stadium, all doing the wave. Your esophagus moves in a similar way, with an undulatory motion that eases food from one end to the other. This work is performed automatically and autonomously: once that piece of cake is one-third of the way down your esophagus, you have no control over the muscles that push the food along its journey.

Even if you were to do a handstand, the esophagus would continue moving the food toward the stomach. This is work that your esophagus has mastered: it’s been doing it since you were a baby in your mother’s womb, swallowing half a liter of amniotic fluid every day.

From the esophagus, the piece of cake descends into the stomach. There, the food is processed for about two hours, until it is fully broken up by gastric fluid. At this point, the cake has been broken into pieces approximately 0.2 millimeters in size.

The real digestion takes place in the small intestine.

The small intestine is in constant movement. Inside, the walls are made up of intestinal villi, tiny finger-like protrusions that move and manipulate the food as it continues its journey. Each millimeter of the small intestine contains about 30 villi – and they only know one direction: forward!

Tiny electric shocks cause the intestinal muscles to contract in a rhythmical motion, pushing the food along. During this process, digestive fluid, which has extracted the nutrients of the food, is absorbed into the body. One piece of cake would last about an hour in the small intestine before entering the large intestine.

The small intestine likes to keep things tidy. After performing its duty, it goes about cleaning itself up. As it tidies up, it growls.

The origin of allergies and lactose intolerance are assumed to reside in the gut.

When you think of allergies, what’s the first part of the body you think of? You probably imagine red, itchy eyes, skin rashes or a runny nose. The gut probably isn’t the first place that comes to mind. Well, this blink might change that.

There’s an interesting theory about the role your gut plays in the allergies you experience.

It begins with how proteins are broken up during the digestive process. Sometimes this doesn’t go as smoothly as it should. Hazelnuts, for example, can leave behind small pieces of protein that don’t get absorbed into the bloodstream when the small intestine is doing its work.

Surprise, surprise: the gut can influence our brain!

Have you ever been accused of thinking with your stomach? Well, as it turns out, this saying isn’t as far-fetched as it sounds.

As we’ve learned, our gut has its own nervous system that allows it to work on its own, instinctually. This is called the enteric nervous system, or intrinsic nervous system, and it’s made up of around 500 million neurons. And compared to the rest of the organs in our body, the variety of neurons that make up this system is only surpassed by the brain itself.

The gut contains a rich and vital world of microbes.

As well as having its own nervous system, the gut also accounts for 80 percent of our immune system. Considering that most of the dangerous bacteria and pathogenic germs enter our body through our mouth, however, this fact might not come as a surprise.

But not all of the bacteria our bodies are exposed to is dangerous. In fact, our health is dependent upon the work of microorganisms.

It seems that microbes in the gut can influence our consciousness.

Yes, it would seem that even after three million years of evolution, we are still learning about the importance of the many microorganisms in our gut. There are as many as 100 trillion microorganisms in our digestive tract, a community called the gut flora. And they may have an intimate relationship with our brain.

Consider this question: Is it possible that microbes in our gut tell our brain what kind of food we’re craving?

Instead of feeling disgusted by microbes, we should learn to integrate them into our lives

The example of Toxoplasma gondii shows that some microorganisms taking up residence in our gut are bad news. But we certainly shouldn’t write off all microbes – after all, we spend our entire lives with them, no matter how much disinfectant we use!

Our attitude toward microbes has evolved over time; at the turn of the twentieth century, for instance, there were two opposing views.

All’s well that ends well: Defecation is a complex interplay between the conscious and unconscious.

Well, we’ve reached the last stop on our journey through the gut: the large intestine, also known as the colon.

As your food enters the large intestine, the digestion process has been finished. Any remaining water is reabsorbed and the feces is prepared for defecation. At the end of this process, the food waste reaches the rectum, which is where our sphincter muscles reside.

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Worum geht es in Gut?

Gut (2015) takes an entertaining yet scientific look at an organ that is just as interesting and important as the brain – the gut. By tracking a piece of cake as it works its way through the digestive system, you’ll come to appreciate the gut for the sophisticated and impressive ecosystem that it is.

Bestes Zitat aus Gut

Your jaw is your strongest muscle. It can create a pressure of approximately 175 pounds.

—Giulia Enders

Wer Gut lesen sollte

People who want to learn more about how their body works
Anyone with stomach problems

Über den Autor

Giulia Enders holds a PhD from the Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene of Hospitals in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. In 2012, her theories on the human gut won a science slam in Karlsruhe and Berlin.

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