Cribsheet Buchzusammenfassung - das Wichtigste aus Cribsheet

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Zusammenfassung von Cribsheet

Name: Cribsheet
Rating: 3.3 (115 reviews)
Author: Emily Oster

Emily Oster

A Data-Driven Guide to Better, More Relaxed Parenting, from Birth to Preschool

3.3 (115 Bewertungen)

27 Min.

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Cribsheet
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What’s in it for me? Get a crib sheet to pass one of the ultimate tests of adult life: having a baby.

To avoid the hard work of rote memorization, many students resort to using a crib sheet: a small piece of paper where they write down information that will be useful to them on their exams. That information could range from particular facts to general principles about the subject on which they’re being tested. Hidden in their hands, the resulting crib sheets provide the student with a simple but effective technique for cheating their way to academic success. Ethics aside, it’s a rather nifty trick.

If only it were so easy to pass the tests that adult life sends our way – especially the most difficult ones, such as giving birth to children and raising them through the first few years of their lives. A crib sheet for parenting – now that would be useful! Imagine having a set of guiding principles at your fingertips, ready to be applied to any tough parenting decisions you need to make.

Well, economist Emily Oster has exactly that, and these blinks will give you the crib sheet to her crib sheet! But wait a minute – a crib sheet about parenting based on the ideas of an economist? Not a pediatrician or a child psychologist? That sounds like an odd combination. But it actually makes a lot more sense than you might think.

In these blinks, you’ll learn

how economic reasoning can help you to make difficult parenting decisions;
why parenting advice is often informed by questionable research; and
what to look for when searching for the most reliable research.

It’s hard to make parenting decisions.

The world of parenting advice is an incredibly confusing place, full of conflicting opinions on what to do and how to do it.

If you’re a new parent, that’s true right from the get-go, when important questions and decisions confront you immediately after the birth of your child. For example, if your newborn baby is a boy, should you circumcise him? And if you’re the mother, should you “room” with him after birth – that is, have him sleep with you in your hospital room? Or should you send him to the hospital’s nursery?

You might get completely contradictory answers to questions like these, depending on which friends, family members, doctors, journalists or online forums you ask. For instance, some will say that you should definitely circumcise; it’s medically beneficial. Others will say that it’s dangerous and unnecessary.

Adding to the confusion is the fact that both sides usually come armed with all sorts of evidence in favor of their positions, ranging from peer-reviewed scientific studies and established biological facts to personal anecdotes and that one newspaper article your aunt vaguely remembers reading a couple of years ago.

Worse still, people don’t just give their advice to you in a neutral, take-it-or-leave-it sort of way. Instead, they deliver it laden with moral judgment. For example, if you’re a mother, it’s not just that some people think you should breastfeed your baby because the practical benefits outweigh the drawbacks; many of them think you’re an outright bad mother if you resort to feeding your baby with formula.

Now, that would be a lot of confusion and pressure to deal with even under normal circumstances – but after you or your partner gives birth, you’re likely to be sleep-deprived, stressed and exhausted. The stakes, meanwhile, will feel incredibly high. After all, you’re trying to ensure the survival and welfare of the fragile little person who’s suddenly become the most important being in your life.

So when you’re faced with questions like whether or not to breastfeed, circumcise or room with your baby, how can your frazzled mind figure out which answer is right?

Well, if you approach these sorts of questions like an economist, you’ll see that the short answer is that there are never any “right” answers. Or, to be more precise, that’s simply the wrong way of framing the questions in the first place!

Economics can help us realize that parenting decisions are personal.

At first glance, there might not seem to be much common ground between the arid academic discipline of economics and the highly personal, practical task of parenting a baby. But there is, in fact, a significant overlap between the two.

Parenting revolves around making difficult decisions, and decision-making is one of the main facets of modern economics. For example, economists ask: Given a choice between two services, how does someone decide which one to purchase?

Economic reasoning can provide us with a useful framework for parental decision-making.

If modern economics is correct, then there’s no single right answer when you’re making a decision that hinges upon your preferences and circumstances. But then how can you have a crib sheet for parenting?

Well, you might not be able to have all of the answers at hand when reality tests you as a parent, but you can equip yourself with a general framework for making the decisions that parenthood forces upon you. This framework can be broken down into a few steps.

Applying the economic decision-making framework to parenting involves assessing trade-offs.

When we’re applying an economist’s decision-making framework to the difficult choices that a parent needs to make, no subject seems more cut-and-dried than finances. Which option will bring more money into your bank account – going back to work, or staying at home with your baby? Some simple calculations can answer that question fairly easily.

But even here, the nature and significance of the answer are going to vary a lot depending on your circumstances and preferences, which will shape the trade-offs you’ll be making. Those trade-offs, in turn, will depend on a pair of economic concepts called opportunity cost and marginal value. Let’s illustrate these ideas through a hypothetical example.

Applying the economic decision-making framework to parenting also involves risk assessment.

With many parenting decisions, weighing the potential risks and advantages of one choice versus another should, in theory, be a very rational process. You would simply put the risks on one side of your mental scale and the advantages on the other side, then see which one is heavier, and voila: decision made!

In practice, however, our emotions can easily muddle our thinking. That’s because the prospect of putting our children at any risk whatsoever tends to provoke a panicked, knee-jerk reaction in our minds.

The research that informs parental decision-making is complicated by confounding variables.

The variables of parental decision-making can be split into two columns. In the more subjective, personal column are preferences and circumstances. And then there’s the more empirical, factual column: the costs and benefits of the options that you’re choosing from.

You’d think the first group would be more nebulous, while the second side would be clearer. But in reality, things are often the other way around. Determining the actual facts about the potential risks and benefits of, say, breastfeeding can be rather difficult. And that’s not in spite of, but because of the fact that there’s a lot of scientific research floating around out there about the topic.

Large-scale randomized controlled trials provide the most reliable data for parental decision-making.

If you want your parental decision-making process to be evidence-based, you should review the scientific research available on the choices you’re weighing – but when you do that, you should keep in mind that not all research is of equal value. This brings us to another important part of applying economic reasoning to parental decision-making: weighing not only your choices, but also the evidence that informs those choices.

As we’ve just seen, all research is muddled by the existence of confounding variables and the possibility that there are additional variables that the researchers have simply failed to identify and adjust for. But some types of research do a better job of dealing with this problem than others.

Well-conducted observational studies can also provide reliable data for parental decision-making.

If the gold medal for research goes to randomized controlled trials, what kind of research gets the silver?

Second place goes to the type of research that involves observational studies. To conduct such a study for breastfeeding, you’d basically just collect a bunch of data about both breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding mothers and their children, then compare the two groups and see what kind of different outcomes you find.

When informing your decisions as a parent, you should be skeptical of case-control studies.

Finally, it’s time to give out the bronze medal for scientific research into the potential risks and benefits of certain parenting practices. Third place goes to the type of research that involves case studies.

To conduct a case-control study, you basically go out and look for children who exhibit the same outcomes or symptoms. Then you try to find out all of the things they have in common. After adjusting for confounding variables, you see what you have left, and then you try to identify a causal connection between whatever remains and the outcomes or symptoms in question.

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Worum geht es in Cribsheet?

Cribsheet (2019) provides a unique and insightful perspective on early-childhood parenting – that of an economist. Given its focus on decision-making, cost and benefit analysis, risk assessment, and data interpretation, the academic discipline of economics provides a surprisingly useful framework for thinking about the difficult decisions that new parents have to make when raising their babies.

Wer Cribsheet lesen sollte

Soon-to-be parents trying to think ahead about parenting decisions
Current parents already wrestling with those decisions
Would-be parents wondering if they want to deal with those decisions in the first place

Über den Autor

Emily Oster is a professor of economics at Brown University, with a PhD in economics from Harvard University. She is the author of the provocative and controversial book Expecting Better: Why the Conventional Pregnancy Wisdom is Wrong – and What You Really Need to Know. She has written articles for The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Forbes and Esquire, and she was also a speaker at the 2007 TED conference.

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