Jerusalem Buchzusammenfassung - das Wichtigste aus Jerusalem

Einleitung anhören

00:00

Zusammenfassung von Jerusalem

Name: Jerusalem
Rating: 4.1 (101 reviews)
Author: Simon Sebag Montefiore

Simon Sebag Montefiore

The Biography

4.1 (101 Bewertungen)

39 Min.

Themen

Europäische Geschichte Der Nahe Osten

Inhaltsübersicht

Jerusalem
in 16 Kernaussagen verstehen

Audio & Text in der Blinkist App

Kernaussage 1 von 16

What’s in it for me? Understand how Jerusalem’s long and complex history affects us to the present day.

It is said that one man can change history, but can the same be said for a city? Well, if there was one city that could claim such a legacy, it would definitely be Jerusalem. Serving as a center for the three Abrahamic religions – Judaism, Christianity and Islam – it’s known as the Holy City, and continues to be a site of conflict to this very day.

So how did Jerusalem take on such significance to these three religions, as well as human history in general? To answer that question, these blinks journey through the millennia, beginning some 5,000 years ago, to understand the remarkable city of Jerusalem.

In these blinks, you'll find out

how the Temple of Solomon took on such importance for Jews and Judaism;
why Christians and Muslims also see Jerusalem as central to their religions; and
how foreign powers have influenced the Holy City throughout history.

Jerusalem was inhabited as early as 5000 BC, and the Israelites arrived 4000 years later.

The Bible, in addition to being a holy text, also offers an early history of Jerusalem. However, since the Bible contains a great deal of contradictory information, it’s not a reliable factual account in and of itself.

That’s why we have to use archaeology and other ancient texts to verify certain biblical events.

For instance, the origins of the name “Jerusalem” date back to ancient Egyptian texts that refer to “URSALIM,” a variation on the word “Salem,” meaning “god of the evening star.” And while widespread archaeological research in the area is restricted by the land’s holiness, excavations conducted in surrounding areas have found that people inhabited the region as early as 5000 BC.

From there, we know that the first texts attributed to a Jerusalemite date back to 1458 BC, when the Egyptian empire included the entirety of modern-day Palestine. Those early texts show that King Abdi-Heba requested that Egyptian archers defend the city.

Then, about a century later, the first Hebrews, or Israelites, arrived. These newcomers proved considerably different from the Egyptians as they worshiped a single God.

Moses would later help the Israelites escape from Egypt, but it was his successor, Joshua, who brought the Israelites to Jerusalem. They struggled for more than a century after their arrival there, from 1200 to 1050 BC. That’s when the Philistines defeated them in the Battle of Ebenezer and stole the Ark of the Covenant, their holiest object, which contained the remains of the Ten Commandments.

David was born after this battle, though, and he would go on to fight and defeat Goliath, the Philistines’ best warrior. David became a great leader, uniting the tribes of Israel to beat the Philistines and retake the Ark.

In the wake of this victory, Jerusalem grew – but not by too much.

The settlement called City of David was built just outside the old town, along with a palace, but Jerusalem remained quite small, especially when compared to the neighboring city of Babylon. It was also during this time that David planned to build the city’s first temple, although it wouldn’t be completed until after his death, by his son, Solomon.

Jerusalem’s first two temples offered a connection to God and played a central role in the development of Judaism.

The first of Jerusalem’s temples was built on a hill in the city known as the Temple Mount, sometime around 900 BC. A room was constructed in this sacred edifice called the “holy of holies,” which was solely intended for the Ark of the Covenant and God.

In fact, once the Ark was placed in the room, it’s said that God’s divine presence filled the room, speaking to Solomon and saying, “I will establish the throne for thy kingdom upon Israel for ever.” Because of this, Jerusalem, and Temple Mount in particular, was henceforth known as a site for divine communication.

Jesus was born in a tumultuous time, which led to his crucifixion and contentious resurrection.

The Israelites had returned to Jerusalem, but their sovereignty wouldn’t last. Around 66 BC, the Romans seized control of the region. After the death of the city’s longtime ruler Herod the Great, the resulting turmoil was inevitable.

Many people took Herod’s death as an indication of the coming apocalypse. They ranted and raved in the streets, calling themselves prophets or kings and were crucified by the Roman governor for their troublesome behavior.

The Roman emperor ordered an attack on Jerusalem, leading to the fall of the second temple.

James went on to lead his brother’s followers, but the transformation of this sect into the religion now known as Christianity would largely be led by the apostle Paul, a man who claimed that the resurrected Christ had told him to preach his message to the Gentiles.

Paul’s work to convert people into the first “Christians” meant he was eventually taken to the ruler of Rome, Nero, for judgment and beheading. But Paul’s fate wasn’t the worst of it.

The Romans converted to Christianity and began building their empire around it.

Following the fall of the second temple, Jerusalem was known as Aelia Capitolina and Jews were banned from the city. Some of the rubble from the temple was used to build the Damascus Gate in the wall of the Holy City, and a statue of Aphrodite was erected on the stone upon which Jesus was crucified.

Around 193 AD, as the Roman Empire was becoming less concerned with the Jews in the city, and increasingly concerned with the threat posed by the spread of Christianity, a small group of practicing Jews were finally allowed to hold services in Jerusalem on the Mount of Olives.

Muhammad led his followers on a spiritual journey to Jerusalem.

The Roman Christian Empire was huge and ambitious – but succumbed to the classic mistake of spreading itself too thin, which left Jerusalem vulnerable to conquests.

The first of these conquests was led by the Persians in 614 AD, who were joined by 20,000 Jews to take the city. Following the battle, the Persian Shah Khusrau II granted Jews control over Jerusalem.

Attempts at Muslim unity were disrupted when the First Crusade ravaged Jerusalem.

The first Muslim dynasty brought an entirely new sense of freedom to Jerusalem.

Jews were once again allowed to pray on the Temple Mount and the early Muslim leader, Abd al-Malik, brought a sense of unity to both Shia and Sunni Muslims by having the Dome of the Rock and the al-Aqsa Mosque built.

Muslim rebellion led to future crusades and a continual battle over Jerusalem.

The crusades may have dismantled Muslim power in Jerusalem, but by 1187 the city had changed hands once again, as a remarkable Muslim leader by the name of Saladin brought the city under his control. Starting out as the talented young nephew of a general, he rose to become Sultan and united an area that now comprises the territory of modern-day Egypt, Syria, Yemen and most of Iraq.

After defeating the Crusader armies in a desert battle outside of Jerusalem, Saladin captured Guy, the king of the city. He took him to Damascus and left the city under the protection of two knights.

An army of slave-soldiers retook Jerusalem, leading to the city’s reconstruction.

On July 11, 1244, 10,000 saber-rattling Tatar horsemen invaded Jerusalem and set the Holy Sepulchre ablaze, killing the monks and nuns who lived there and disemboweling the priests. This onslaught cleared the way for a new empire to rule the land: the Mamluks.

Their rise to power is quite extraordinary since the name “Mamluk” refers to a slave soldier – not someone you would necessarily expect to rule over an empire. Nevertheless, their leader Baibars the Panther did just that.

After the Mamluks, Jerusalem was taken over by the Ottomans and the city grew.

Before Mamluk rule came to an end, Jews were finally allowed to rebuild their synagogues, and the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem grew to host a well-established population of about 1,000 people. In addition, the city was bringing in considerable revenue by placing exorbitant taxes on European Christian pilgrims.

By now, however, you’ve surely noticed that Jerusalem was rarely stable. Indeed, by 1516, the city had changed hands once again. This time, the conqueror was the Ottoman Empire.

Around the turn of the twentieth century, hopes for Jewish and Arab independence flourished.

The Ottomans held Jerusalem for centuries, but their grip loosened in the nineteenth century as unforeseen immigration changed the existing dynamics of the city.

Jews had been wrongly blamed for the assassination of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and, as a result, 2 million of them fled Russia between 1888 and 1914. Thousands of them went to Jerusalem.

Following World War I, a number of international treaties increased tensions in Jerusalem.

The Allies of World War I had made a strategic decision to support Zionism through the Balfour Declaration. Ironically though, if this resolution had been delayed by just a couple of days, it probably would have never been released.

The declaration was primarily designed to maintain the alliance with Russia, but the night before it was signed, the Bolshevik Revolution succeeded and Russia withdrew from the war entirely.

The decades after WWI were filled with escalating violence and increased extremism.

Tensions in Jerusalem were steadily rising, and in 1921, certain changes were made with the goal of rapid de-escalation. Winston Churchill, then UK Secretary of State for the Colonies, put Emir Faisal in charge of the Kingdom of Iraq and the notion of a “Greater Syria” was dropped.

Then, as Churchill tried to convince the residents of Jerusalem that the Jews had an ancient claim to the land, he went on to establish a two-tiered system of city leadership involving a mayor at one level, and a mufti – the highest Muslim legal authority – on the other. The position of mayor was filled by Ragheb Nashashibi and that of mufti by Haj Amin Husseini.

Escalating violence led to the Battle of Jerusalem in 1948.

While there was once a will to find a compromise in Jerusalem, this mindset rapidly vanished in the 1940s as both sides became more violent, and even the British became a target.

For example, take the King David Hotel, Jerusalem’s most luxurious accommodation at the time and the home of British military intelligence in the region. It was bombed by Israeli extremists on July 22, 1946. The incident claimed 91 lives and demolished the entire wing that housed British intelligence offices.

An angered Egyptian President spurred on a brief conflict that secured a decisive victory for Israel.

Even though the city was now split in half between Arabs and Jews, on December 11, 1949, Jerusalem was officially declared the capital of Israel. And for the first time since the Crusades, it had a king: Abdullah of Jordan.

It wasn’t long before coup attempts began, leading to Abdullah’s assassination in the al-Aqsa Mosque in 1951 and the crowning of his grandson Hussein. King Hussein was more willing to work with the Israelis and was better able to cope with the tyrants of the region, like Saddam Hussein.

The situation in Jerusalem remains a complicated standoff.

Upon breaking through the Lions’ Gate, Israeli soldiers secured access to the Western Wall for the first time in roughly 20 years. It was a poignant moment and many of them wept upon gazing at this holy site that most had only seen in photos.

The Minister of Defense, Moshe Dayan, then issued a statement saying, “to our Arab neighbors, Israel extends the hand of peace and to all peoples of all faiths we guarantee full freedom of worship.” It had taken 2,000 years for Jews to once again be able to visit the Temple Mount, but Dayan made it clear that the site would be controlled by the Islamic charitable fund, waqf, not by Israel.

Du möchtest die gesamte Zusammenfassung von Jerusalem sehen?

Kernaussagen in Jerusalem

Mehr Wissen in weniger Zeit

Sachbücher auf den Punkt gebracht

Kernaussagen aus Sachbüchern in ca. 15 Minuten pro Titel lesen & anhören mit den „Blinks”

Zeitsparende Empfehlungen

Titel, die dein Leben bereichern, passend zu deinen Interessen und Zielen

Podcasts in Kurzform ^Neu

Kernaussagen wichtiger Podcasts im Kurzformat mit den neuen „Shortcasts”

Worum geht es in Jerusalem?

Jerusalem (2011) tells the story of a city considered holy by three of the world’s major religions, and which is central to some of the greatest conflicts in human history. These blinks detail the history of Jerusalem, the near-constant battles it has inspired and the fundamental role it has played in shaping humankind over the course of millennia.

Bestes Zitat aus Jerusalem

Some have doubted the existence of David, but in 1993, an ancient inscription providing historical verification of his life was found in northern Israel.

—Simon Sebag Montefiore

Wer Jerusalem lesen sollte

Anyone interested in theology, history and war
Jews, Christians and Muslims
Anyone interested in the crucial precursors to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East

Über den Autor

Simon Sebag-Montefiore is an award-winning British author of historical nonfiction. His titles, including Young Stalin, Catherine the Great and Potemkin and Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar have received multiple awards and have attracted worldwide critical acclaim.

Kategorien mit Jerusalem

Geschichte Politik

Ähnlich wie Jerusalem

Israel

Daniel Gordis

A Concise History of a Nation Reborn

How the Christian Revolution Remade the World

Rebel in an Age of Upheaval

31 min

4.4

Written in History

Simon Sebag Montefiore

Letters that Changed the World

The 4000-Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam

27 min

4.3

The Psychology of Money

Morgan Housel

Timeless Lessons on Wealth, Greed, and Happiness

The History of the World’s Largest Democracy

47 min

4.5

A Short History of Nearly Everything

Bill Bryson

A journey into the most intriguing and intractable questions that science seeks to answer

38 min

4.5

The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck

Mark Manson

A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

22 min

4.3

A Peace to End All Peace

David Fromkin

The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and Creation of the Modern Middle East

29 min

4.6

Thus Spoke Zarathustra

Friedrich Nietzsche

The Classic That Will Challenge Everything You Know

17 min

4.4

The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People

Stephen R. Covey

Powerful Lessons in Personal Change

23 min

4.7

How to Talk to Anyone

Leil Lowndes

92 Little Tricks for Big Success in Relationships

25 min

4.2

Man’s Search for Meaning

Viktor Frankl

The harrowing experiences of the author in a concentration camp

17 min

4.4

The Road to Serfdom

Friedrich August von Hayek

Van Hayek's classic text on Freedom

15 min

4.4

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Unlock the Secrets of the Universe with This Intellectual Masterpiece

17 min

4.3

How the World Really Works

Vaclav Smil

The Science of Our Past, Present and Future

A Very Short Introduction

24 min

4.2

Seven and a Half Lessons about the Brain

Lisa Feldman Barrett

Have Your Understanding of Consciousness, Emotions, and Memory Revolutionized

20 min

4.1

Primed to Perform

Neel Doshi and Lindsay McGregor

How to Build the Highest Performing Cultures Through the Science of Total Motivation

16 min

4.3

Why Don't We Learn from History?

B. H. Liddell Hart

An exploration of how history helps us interpret the present and plan for the future

23 min

4.1

The 16 Undeniable Laws of Communication

John C. Maxwell

Apply Them and Make the Most of Your Message

How to free yourself from philosophical dogmas and assert your own values

25 min

4.7

Myth America

Kevin M. Kruse and Julian E. Zelizer

Historians Take on the Biggest Legends and Lies about Our Past

19 min

2.9

Why Has Nobody Told Me This Before?

Julie Smith

Everyday Tools for Life’s Ups & Downs

19 min

4.2

Discipline Is Destiny

Ryan Holiday

The Power of Self-Control

Lessons in Liberty from a Hospital Diary

A Brief History of Humankind

Transform Your Life, Work, and Confidence with Everyday Courage

The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela

Warren Buffett and the Business of Life

How Napoleon Conquered Europe and Changed the World

An Introduction to History

10 Minutes Can Make All the Difference

Ruminations on the Tenets of Christian Belief

A must-read classic of modern science

The Israelis and the Holocaust

How Ancient Wisdom Can Change Your Life

The 15 Most Powerful Principles for Wealth, Health, and Happiness

26 min

4.6

The Borderline Personality Disorder Workbook

Daniel J. Fox

An Integrative Program to Understand and Manage Your BPD

17 min

MegaThreats

Nouriel Roubini

Ten Dangerous Trends That Imperil Our Future, and How to Survive Them

A Play About the Success and Disappointments of the American Dream

17 min

4.3

Thinking, Fast and Slow

Daniel Kahneman

Intuition or deliberation? Where you can (and can't) trust your brain

28 min

4.5

The Dawn of Everything

David Graeber & David Wengrow

A New History of Humanity

24 min

4.1

AI 2041

Kai-Fu Lee and Chen Qiufan

Ten Visions for Our Future

30 min

4.2

The Body Keeps the Score

Bessel van der Kolk

Mind, Brain and the Body in the Transformation of Trauma

The Collected Writings of Jeff Bezos

8 min

3.2

Strategic Project Management Made Simple

Terry Dean Schmidt

Solution Tools for Leaders and Teams

A New History of the Middle Ages

32 min

4.6

The Myth of the Strong Leader

Archie Brown

Political Leadership in the Modern Age

14 min

3.8

❤️ für Blinkist️️️

Ines S.

Ich bin begeistert. Ich liebe Bücher aber durch zwei kleine Kinder komme ich einfach nicht zum Lesen. Und ja, viele Bücher haben viel bla bla und die Quintessenz ist eigentlich ein Bruchteil.

Genau dafür ist Blinkist total genial! Es wird auf das Wesentliche reduziert, die Blinks sind gut verständlich, gut zusammengefasst und auch hörbar! Das ist super. 80 Euro für ein ganzes Jahr klingt viel, aber dafür unbegrenzt Zugriff auf 3000 Bücher. Und dieses Wissen und die Zeitersparnis ist unbezahlbar.

Ekaterina S.

Extrem empfehlenswert. Statt sinnlos im Facebook zu scrollen höre ich jetzt täglich zwischen 3-4 "Bücher". Bei manchen wird schnelle klar, dass der Kauf unnötig ist, da schon das wichtigste zusammen gefasst wurde..bei anderen macht es Lust doch das Buch selbständig zu lesen. Wirklich toll

Nils S.

Einer der besten, bequemsten und sinnvollsten Apps die auf ein Handy gehören. Jeden morgen 15-20 Minuten für die eigene Weiterbildung/Entwicklung oder Wissen.

Julia P.

Viele tolle Bücher, auf deren Kernaussagen reduziert- präzise und ansprechend zusammengefasst. Endlich habe ich das Gefühl, Zeit für Bücher zu finden, für die ich sonst keine Zeit habe.