Why It's Not Always Rational to Be Rational
The Uses of Delusion by Stuart Vyse is a thought-provoking book that examines the psychological benefits of belief in things that aren't true. It explores the ways in which delusions can serve as a coping mechanism and provide comfort in an uncertain world.
Ever wonder about the eccentricities of your mind? Inside our heads, two primary decision-making systems exist. There's the intuitive system, known for its spontaneity and speed, and the more calculated, analytical system. Often, these two are in a tug of war, creating some intriguing results.
Let's explore this through the fascinating phenomenon of ratio bias. Picture being given a choice between two bowls of jelly beans. One bowl contains 10 beans, one of which is a winner. The other is brimming with 100 beans, with 10 winners hidden within. If we apply basic logic, we can see that the chances of drawing a winner are identical in both scenarios. However, surprisingly, about 80% of people will opt for the larger bowl. This peculiar 'ratio bias' demonstrates how our minds often favor options with greater absolute positives, even when it contradicts logical decision-making.
Delusions come in all shapes and sizes. Some may seem laughable, like the flat earth theory, while others subtly shape our behaviors and can even be advantageous in certain situations. Take, for example, a woman who, despite the harsh reality of her husband's death, finds solace in the conviction that he would return.
But how does this irrational thinking align with rational choice theory? This theory suggests our decisions should base themselves on evidence, ensuring our beliefs and actions are in harmony with each other. But philosopher William James once proposed a counterpoint: "the will to believe." He asserted that our desires could sometimes be a legitimate basis for our beliefs. This view aligns with Pascal's Wager, which states that believing in God is rational because the potential infinite rewards outweigh the finite costs if proven wrong.
Psychologist Jonathan Baron brings an extra dimension, stating that effective thinking isn't solely about being 'rational,' but rather about accomplishing our goals. Therefore, our 'irrational' delusions can be functional, aiding us in overcoming life's hurdles, nurturing relationships and meeting various human needs.
In the end, our delusions, despite their irrationality, are a vital part of our shared human experience. This isn’t a call to relinquish reason, but an invitation to appreciate our irrationality and the role it plays in our lives. These delightful delusions give our lives purpose, and paradoxically, sometimes keep us sane in this highly rational world.
The Uses of Delusions (2022) ventures into the intriguing realm of irrational beliefs and delusions, highlighting their essential role in shaping our lives and detailing how these misconceptions surprisingly confer benefits. These beneficial delusions serve as crucial contributors to our happiness, relationships and even survival, constructing a compelling narrative about the paradoxical power of irrationality.
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Blink 3 von 12 - Eine kurze Geschichte der Menschheit
von Yuval Noah Harari
