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Zusammenfassung von Political Tribes

Name: Political Tribes
Rating: 4.3 (30 reviews)
Author: Amy Chua

Amy Chua

Group Instinct and the Fate of Nations

4.3 (30 Bewertungen)

19 Min.

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Culture Manipulation

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Political Tribes
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What’s in it for me? Take a tour of tribalism from Afghanistan to America.

It’s often said that we live in an age of populism. Angry groups railing against the “establishment” is the new normal. From Chavez’s Venezuela to Brexit Britain and Trump’s America, political life has become a lot louder and a lot angrier.

But take a closer look. As the old adage has it, it takes two to tango. Anti-populists can give as good as they get. For every diehard Trumpian attacking coastal elites, there’s an angry liberal pouring scorn on the “hillbillies” who elected the current president of the United States.

So what’s really going on?

Acclaimed American writer and law professor Amy Chua has a theory. If you want to figure out what’s going on in today’s world, you could do worse than to start with tribalism. Dividing ourselves up into tribes is, she argues, a deeply human instinct. Whether on the football field or the battlefield, in the voting booth or courthouse, it’s often tribal identity that drives human behavior.

That means we should take tribalism seriously. According to the author, the failure to do precisely that has been responsible for some of the greatest foreign policy blunders in recent history.

In the following blinks, you’ll find out

how tribalism shaped the outcome of the war in Vietnam;
what tribalism has in common with identity politics; and
why tribal conflict makes the transition to democracy so difficult.

Humans are tribal creatures, but tribalism is an instinct that’s often forgotten.

Why do teams, clubs and other types of groups inspire such strong emotions? Well, humans are tribal creatures by instinct. We have a strong sense of group identity. We want to share our feeling of belonging with others who are like us.

Tribes can be centered around any number of things. But they’re not just about having something in common with others. Often, they’re just as much about exclusion as they are about inclusion.

So how do they work?

In the first place, they’re based on a shared bond. That can be ethnicity, religion, political beliefs, mutual interests or other commonalities.

Secondly, tribes change the way their members think about the world. Individuals’ identities often become closely linked to that of the tribe, which makes them willing to do things for the benefit of their group that they wouldn’t do as individuals.

Tribalism – the act of separating ourselves into tribes – is often overlooked when it comes to foreign policy. That’s a mistake. In fact, tribalism is key to understanding how to deal with countries.

American foreign policy in particular is frequently shaped by the view that nations are homogenous. Subgroups or tribes within particular countries simply aren’t taken into account.

That’s partly because America is a “supergroup.” It’s a country made up of many tribes united by a shared national identity. American policymakers assume that other countries also have a strong bond that overrides the tribal loyalties of their citizens.

But, in many cases, that just isn’t true. Tribal identities frequently trump allegiance to nation-states.

And, as we’ll see in the following blinks, foreign policy that neglects tribalism can have devastating long-term consequences.

Around the world, tensions between political tribes often boil down to a struggle for a power.

In theory, there’s no reason that tribes can’t coexist peacefully. But, in many cases, real-world power imbalances make that difficult. If one tribe is stronger than another, it might just end up oppressing the weaker group. That in turn breeds resentment.

Market-dominant minorities – tribes that control most of a country’s resources despite being minorities – are a major sources of tribal tensions in many nations. Whether it’s united by religion or ethnicity or something else, such a tribe’s key feature is its disproportionate wealth.

The United States has committed numerous foreign policy mistakes by failing to pay enough attention to political tribalism.

It’s often argued that the foreign policy of the United States is informed by honorable motives. Americans with this view want nothing so much as to give others a taste of the values they cherish.

But the road to hell is usually paved with good intentions. Time and time again, ignorance of tribal politics has proved to be a major stumbling block. And the cost of American mistakes has been high, both at home and in the wider world.

The Iraq War is another example of what can happen when foreign policymakers ignore tribalism.

When the Iraq War started in 2003, many people were worried about the consequences. But even the most pessimistic observers didn’t predict just how wrong things would end up going.

The first blunder was postwar planning. Saddam Hussein’s regime was swiftly toppled, but there was nothing to replace it. The power vacuum was filled by forces just as bad – and, in some cases, worse than – the old regime.

Terrorist organizations are often political tribes that feed off poor foreign-policy decisions.

Two of today’s most powerful terrorist groups – al-Qaeda and ISIS – are a product of American foreign-policy miscalculations. Both groups emerged because the United States failed to pay proper attention to political tribalism.

Powerful people in tribal nations know how to leverage tribalism to advance their own agenda.

The current political climate in the United States is a product of the conflict between different tribes.

Political tribalism has arrived in America, and it’s causing unprecedented divisions in the country.

Identity politics is partly to blame. In the United States, more and more people are retreating into the comfort of their own tribes.

We have to learn to understand people from other tribes on a more human level.

Members of a tribe regard nonmembers with contempt. That’s a powerful instinct. But, if we want the world to be a more peaceful place, we have to learn to overcome such knee-jerk reactions.

In America, an understanding of different tribes is vitally important if we want to make political headway.

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Worum geht es in Political Tribes?

Political Tribes (2018) is an insightful study of one of today’s most pressing issues: tribalism. From postwar Iraq to Chavez’s Venezuela and Trump’s America, political life has become increasingly polarized. That’s a problem. Once people stop trying to understand each other and retreat into the safety of their own tribes, conflict becomes inevitable. But it doesn’t have to be that way. Amy Chua argues that foreign and domestic policy can defuse tensions as long as those policies are based on a sound understanding of tribalism.

Bestes Zitat aus Political Tribes

To see the divisiveness in todays America – and the forces that brought about Trumps election – as solely about racism, while ignoring the role of inequality, misses too much of the picture.

—Amy Chua

Wer Political Tribes lesen sollte

Anyone who’s wondered what exactly went wrong in Iraq
Citizens tired of endless political partisanship
Fans of penetrating social analysis

Über den Autor

Amy Chua is a writer, lawyer and professor at Yale Law School. Her previous books include World on Fire.

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