Jainism summary

Jainism's Founding and Basic Tenets

In Jainism by Jeffery D. Long, the author provides a comprehensive overview of Jainism, one of the oldest and most complex religious traditions in India. The book begins with an exploration of the life of Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara, and the founder of Jainism. It then delves into the fundamental principles of Jainism, including the concept of ahimsa (non-violence), anekantavada (non-absolutism), and aparigraha (non-attachment).

Long explains that the core of Jainism is the belief in the eternal soul (jiva) that can achieve liberation (moksha) through self-discipline and non-violence. This liberation is achieved by following the three jewels of Jainism: right belief, right knowledge, and right conduct. The book further explores the Jain cosmology, the concept of karma, and the path to spiritual liberation.

The Jain Way of Life

Long then delves into the daily practices and rituals of Jainism. He describes the life of a Jain layperson, emphasizing their commitment to non-violence in every aspect of life, including a strict vegetarian diet, and their reverence for all forms of life. The author also details the ascetic practices of Jain monks and nuns, which involve extreme forms of self-discipline and renunciation.

Furthermore, Long discusses the Jain community's social structure, the role of women in Jainism, and the Jain approach to education and charity. He emphasizes the importance of non-violence in Jain ethics, which extends not only to human and animal life but also to the environment and even our thoughts and speech.

Jainism's Philosophical and Theological Underpinnings

Next, the book delves into the philosophical and theological aspects of Jainism. Long introduces the rich Jain literature, including the Agamas and the commentaries on them, and explains the Jain concept of reality as a multi-faceted and complex structure. He highlights the doctrine of non-absolutism, which teaches that reality is inherently multi-dimensional and that truth is relative to one's perspective.

Long also explores the Jain view of the universe, emphasizing its cyclical nature and the concept of eternal time. He explains the Jain theory of karma, detailing how it binds the soul to the cycle of birth and death and how one can attain liberation by purifying and shedding karmas through right conduct and spiritual practices.

Jainism's Influence and Contemporary Relevance

The final sections of the book focus on the historical and contemporary influence of Jainism. Long discusses the impact of Jainism on Indian culture, particularly its contributions to philosophy, art, and architecture. He also examines the challenges Jainism faces in the modern world, including issues related to environmental ethics, animal rights, and the preservation of Jain heritage.

In conclusion, Long emphasizes the enduring relevance of Jainism's core principles of non-violence, non-absolutism, and non-attachment in addressing contemporary global challenges. He presents Jainism as a profound and compassionate tradition that offers valuable insights into living a harmonious and ethical life, not only for its followers but for all humanity.