Canon Revisited summary

Understanding the Canon of the New Testament

In Canon Revisited by Michael J. Kruger, we delve into the complex and fascinating world of the New Testament canon. Kruger begins by explaining that the term 'canon' refers to the authoritative list of books that are considered scripture. He explores the historical development of the New Testament canon, emphasizing that the process was organic and not a sudden decision by a select group of individuals.

Kruger argues that the notion of a canon was present from the beginning of the Christian movement. He contends that the early church recognized the authority of the apostles and their written teachings, and these writings were quickly accepted and circulated among the Christian communities. However, formal recognition of these writings as scripture took time and was a gradual process.

Criteria for Inclusion in the Canon

Next, Canon Revisited delves into the criteria used for the inclusion of books in the New Testament. Kruger explains that the early church had certain standards for a book to be considered part of the canon. These standards included apostolicity, orthodoxy, antiquity, and catholicity. Apostolicity meant that a book was either written by an apostle or someone closely associated with an apostle. Orthodoxy indicated that the content of the book had to be consistent with the teachings of the apostles. Antiquity referred to the early acceptance of a book in the Christian community, and catholicity implied that the book was widely accepted across different Christian communities.

Kruger also addresses the role of the church in the formation of the canon. He argues that the church did not create the canon but rather recognized the books that had already been inspired by God. The church, through its leaders and councils, played a significant role in affirming the books that were widely accepted as authoritative and inspired by the Holy Spirit.

Challenges to the Canon

In the latter part of Canon Revisited, Kruger addresses some common challenges to the New Testament canon. He discusses how some have questioned the authenticity of certain books, such as the Gospels, Acts, and Paul's letters. Kruger presents detailed arguments to counter these challenges, emphasizing the early and widespread acceptance of these books within the Christian community.

He also addresses the role of heretical writings in the formation of the canon. Kruger argues that the presence of these writings actually helped solidify the canon, as the church had to distinguish between genuine apostolic writings and those that were not. The existence of heretical writings prompted the church to clearly define the boundaries of the New Testament canon.

Conclusion: The Canon as a Divine Collection

In conclusion, Canon Revisited presents the New Testament canon as a divine collection of books inspired by God and recognized by the early Christian community. Kruger emphasizes that the formation of the canon was not a result of human authority, but rather a recognition of the authority that these books inherently possessed by virtue of their divine inspiration.

By exploring the historical development, criteria for inclusion, and challenges to the New Testament canon, Kruger provides a comprehensive and well-reasoned defense of its authenticity and authority. Canon Revisited is a valuable resource for anyone seeking to understand the origins and significance of the New Testament canon.