Tried by War summary

Understanding Lincoln's Role in the Civil War

In Tried by War, James M. McPherson delves into the life and leadership of Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. The book begins with Lincoln's election as the 16th President of the United States, a time when the nation was on the brink of disintegration. McPherson highlights Lincoln's lack of military experience and his initial struggle to assert his authority over the Union's generals.

McPherson then takes us through Lincoln's journey of self-education in military strategy and his gradual transformation into an effective commander-in-chief. We learn about Lincoln's hands-on approach to the war, his frequent visits to the front lines, and his ability to make tough decisions, such as the Emancipation Proclamation, which changed the war's purpose from preserving the Union to also ending slavery.

Lincoln's Leadership and the Civil War

The middle section of Tried by War focuses on Lincoln's relationship with his generals. McPherson provides a detailed analysis of Lincoln's interactions with key military figures, such as George B. McClellan, Ambrose Burnside, Joseph Hooker, and George Meade. He highlights Lincoln's struggle to find a general who could effectively lead the Union forces and his ability to adapt his leadership style to each general's strengths and weaknesses.

McPherson also discusses Lincoln's handling of the political and social challenges posed by the war. He describes Lincoln's efforts to maintain the loyalty of the border states, his management of the Union's economy and finances, and his handling of the anti-war sentiment in the North. Throughout these challenges, Lincoln's leadership style evolves, and he becomes more assertive and confident in his role as commander-in-chief.

The Turning Point and Lincoln's Legacy

In the latter part of Tried by War, McPherson examines the turning point of the Civil War, particularly the Battle of Gettysburg and the fall of Vicksburg. He attributes the Union's victories in these battles to Lincoln's strategic vision and his ability to inspire and unite the nation during its darkest hour.

McPherson concludes by discussing Lincoln's legacy as a wartime leader. He argues that Lincoln's leadership during the Civil War not only saved the Union but also transformed the presidency and the nation. Lincoln's ability to navigate the complexities of war, politics, and society, while maintaining his moral compass, solidified his status as one of America's greatest leaders.

Final Thoughts on Lincoln's Leadership

In Tried by War, James M. McPherson offers a comprehensive and insightful analysis of Abraham Lincoln's leadership during the Civil War. He presents Lincoln as a leader who grew into his role, learned from his mistakes, and ultimately led the nation to victory. McPherson's narrative sheds light on the challenges of wartime leadership and the qualities that make a great commander-in-chief.