Fear Buchzusammenfassung - das Wichtigste aus Fear

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Zusammenfassung von Fear

Name: Fear
Rating: 3.8 (61 reviews)
Author: Joanna Bourke

Joanna Bourke

A Cultural History

3.8 (61 Bewertungen)

17 Min.

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What’s in it for me? Discover the long and fascinating history of being afraid.

Are you petrified every time you step onto an airplane? Do you live in fear of the thought of a house fire? Perhaps it’s spiders or snakes that make you tremble most of all? Most of us have something that stirs up our greatest fears, and the same has been true throughout history; fearful people have existed across societies, continents and generations.

But this doesn’t mean that we’ve always been scared of the same things – or in the same way. Fears that used to dominate society in the past, be they the thought of nuclear war or witches, no longer grip us in the same way. So, how has fear changed throughout history? These blinks will take a look.

In these blinks, you’ll also find out

how mass panic affects the design of concert halls;
why scaring soldiers can sometimes make them braver; and
which fear has remained constant across history.

Death is our greatest fear, and one that worsens when poverty strikes.

Many people grow uncomfortable after spending too long in hospitals, retirement homes and cemeteries. These environments draw our minds toward the greatest human fear – mortality.

Nearly all human fears can be traced back, in one way or another, to a fear of dying. Those afraid of spiders, snakes and crocodiles don’t fear the creatures per se, but rather the prospect that these animals could kill them.

Similarly, people who live in fear of losing their jobs struggle with the deeper fear that they might lose their livelihoods, their homes and, in the worst case scenario, ultimately die after being forced to live on the streets.

For thousands of years, rituals, ceremonies and beliefs celebrating the afterlife negated the human fear of death. But in the nineteenth century, these comforts were taken away from the lower class in the West, exacerbating the fear of death and creating pauperization.

The bodies of deceased paupers were piled into mass graves, without tombstones or inscriptions to commemorate the dead. In addition, their bodies were covered in a caustic quicklime solution to speed up their decomposition.

Graves of nineteenth-century paupers were also unprotected, making them easy prey for Victorian bodysnatchers who made a living from selling corpses to anatomists and medical students. Knowing that this was the gruesome fate that awaited their bodies after death, people grew more afraid of dying than ever before.

Indeed, the fear of dying was enough to kill people in itself – an elderly woman by the name of Susan Starr died from shock in 1871 after social relief services threatened to cut off her financial support.

The human tendency to panic in fear shaped modern public architecture and engineering.

With their narrow rows of seats, dim lighting and tightly packed, cozy atmosphere, old-fashioned cinemas can make us quite nostalgic. And yet, there are good reasons for the spacious layout of a modern theater.

Modern public buildings are designed to be quick and easy to evacuate should the people inside panic. Unfortunately, it took many tragedies before we learned the danger of mass panic in crowded spaces.

Society disapproves of fearful children, and typically blames mothers.

Children have many fears, not least of which are vicious monsters living under their bed. Should parents provide their kids with a night light to help them cope, or leave them alone in the dark to toughen them up? Opinions vary among educators, families and psychologists.

There’s a long-standing belief that children must be taught not to fear things. Parenting guides from the 1950s and 1960s argued that a fearful child was an embarrassment; fears were thought to prevent children from growing into healthy, independent adults.

Fearsome nightmares were blamed on a lack of blood flow to the brain until Freud argued that they arose from our own psyche.

Have you ever dreamed about something terrifying happening to the ones you love? Fear is most powerful at night, especially in nightmares, and scientists and psychologists have long sought to understand the causes of night terrors.

At first, nightmares were believed to arise from mere physical discomfort.

Unstable societies are breeding grounds for fear and panic.

With the rise of terrorist attacks around the world and their extensive coverage in the media, people are prone to panic at the sight of an unattended bag or feel nagging suspicions when they see foreigners. This isn’t the first time that insecurity has spiked among populations.

History is filled with shifting periods of stability and relative instability. It’s during unstable times that emotional insecurity, anxiety and fearfulness rise.

Intense fear during combat leads to both lasting illnesses and courage-boosting adrenaline rushes.

Soldiers are typically portrayed as fearless fighters. But the reality can be quite different on the battlefield.

Nearly all soldiers admit that fear is the predominant emotion experienced in combat. Back in 1947, a medical study interviewed soldiers from two infantry divisions deployed during World War II. Just 7 percent of men stated that they didn’t feel afraid during battle, while 90 percent of men reported suffering a range of health problems linked to traumatic experiences of fear.

The threat of nuclear war terrified entire nations.

While WWII was terrifying, it was a later event in the twentieth century that would raise popular fear to unprecedented levels. As the Cold War set in and the nuclear arms race began, strategic moves of world powers were more threatening than ever.

The successful launch of Soviet satellite Sputnik in 1957 was a serious cause for worry among Americans. The installation of missiles in Cuba by Soviet President Khrushchev five years later, just 90 miles off the coast of Florida, caused panic.

Fears of life-threatening illnesses change as medicine evolves.

Today, people wearing surgical masks on the street might be thought of as hypochondriacs. But the fact is that health-based fears are always shifting – what might seem hysterical at first may soon become the norm.

In the nineteenth century, it wasn’t cancer that people feared most, but infectious diseases such as smallpox or consumption. In one 1896 survey in the American Journal of Psychology, just five percent of respondents described cancer as an illness they feared.

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Worum geht es in Fear?

Fear (2005) explores how fear has shaped cities, parenting, and culture over the past centuries. From the role of fear in war and sickness, to the design of public buildings and the response to the threat of nuclear power, these blinks give us the historical context we need to understand the nature of fear in contemporary society.

Wer Fear lesen sollte

History buffs
Students of sociology and psychology
Readers curious about life in the nineteenth century

Über den Autor

Joanna Bourke is a professor of history at the University of London specializing in the history of warfare, and gender and class relations. Her other works include Wounding the World and Working Class Cultures in Britain.

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